Ernest's works were regarded as one of the representatives of the Lost Generation and tough guy literature because they reflected some characteristics of American society and culture in the early 20th century. The Lost Generation referred to a group of young people in the early 20th century who had experienced the trauma of World War I, the economic depression and political turmoil, and felt lost and lost. Some of Ernest's works, such as The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, depicted the lives and emotional experiences of these young people. These works were about freedom, pursuit, failure, and loneliness. Tough guy literature referred to a literary style that described strong, indomitable, and brave characters. Ernest's works were known for their strong personalities, detailed descriptions, and deep thinking. He often portrayed tough men, who were usually strong, confident, brave, and lonely. The Old Man and the Sea and The Sun Also Rises were considered representative works of tough guy literature. Therefore, Ernest's works reflected the cultural and social environment of the Lost Generation and the Tough Guy Literature, as well as the influence of these cultural and social characteristics on American literature and world literature.