Ancient Chinese was an important part of ancient Chinese culture. Its characters, grammar, sentence patterns, and expressions were very different from modern Chinese. The writings in classical Chinese played a very important role in Chinese history. Its literary achievements such as Dream of the Red Chamber and Romance of the Three Kingdoms are still widely read and studied. Vernacular Chinese referred to modern Chinese, which was developed on the basis of modern Chinese. It was very different from classical Chinese. The characteristic of the vernacular was that the language was simple and clear, and the grammar, sentence structure, and expression were very different from the classical Chinese. The vernacular was widely used in modern Chinese literature, such as Lu Xun's Essays and Water Margins.