In TL novels,"abuse" usually referred to a way of describing emotions. It was to express emotional abuse and devastation by describing the pain, suffering, torture, and other negative experiences of the protagonist. This way of describing emotions was often used to create a sad and depressing atmosphere to enhance the reader's emotional resonance and sense of immersion. " Masochism " was often used in TL novels to refer to a plot design where the protagonist experienced all kinds of hardships and pain and finally gained growth and change to become stronger, independent and charming. This kind of plot design was often used to enhance the drama and plot tension of the novel to attract the attention and interest of the readers.