What were the characteristics of calligraphy, painting and literature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties? What kind of social reality did they reflect?

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the peak of the development of ancient Chinese culture. Some unique characteristics appeared in calligraphy, painting and literature, reflecting the social reality at that time. In terms of calligraphy, calligraphers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties paid more attention to the standards and charm of strokes. There were some calligraphers who pursued smooth and steady strokes, such as Wen Zhengming, calligraphers, painters, etc. In addition, the calligraphy style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was more mature and diverse, and many personal and creative calligraphy works appeared, such as the works of Wang Xianzhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, and other calligraphers. In terms of painting, the paintings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties paid more attention to expressing the emotions and inner world of the characters. There were some paintings that expressed real life and reflected social reality, such as landscape paintings and character paintings. At the same time, the painting styles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties also became more mature and diverse. Painters paid more attention to the layout of the picture, the performance of light and color. In terms of literature, the literary works of the Ming and Qing Dynasties paid more attention to describing real life and human nature. There were some literary works that reflected social reality, expressed character and inner world, such as "Dream of the Red Chamber","Water Margins","Journey to the West" and other classic novels. These works reflected the style of society and the living conditions of the people at that time through delicate descriptions and profound thoughts. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were some unique features in calligraphy, painting, and literature that reflected the social reality of the time. In terms of calligraphy, calligraphers who paid attention to the standard and charm of strokes and calligraphic works that pursued smooth, steady and rigorous strokes had increased. In terms of painting, there were more paintings that paid more attention to expressing real life and reflecting social reality. In terms of literature, there were more literary works that reflected social reality, character and inner world. These characteristics reflected the prosperity and progress of society at that time, and also reflected people's attention and pursuit of art and literature.