The two pioneers of zoology were the Dutch scientist Johannes Vermeer and the British scientist Charles Darwin. Johann Vermeer (1748 - 1829) was a Dutch zoologist. He independently created the study of bird classification. Birds were classified into 12 orders and 64 families, which was an important milestone in the history of ornithology. He also made contributions to the field of anatomy and genetics, proposing the research method of "Vermilion Cage" to classify birds and the research method of "Vermilion Feather" to study bird feathers. The British scientist Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882) was the pioneer of animal taxonomy and evolution. Through the Origin of Species, he put forward the theory of evolution and attributed the evolution of living things to natural selection and genetic variation, thus creating a precedent for modern biology. He also made important contributions to animal taxonomy and proposed classification methods such as "classification level" and "main clan system".