What were the stages of the development of ancient Chinese poetry? The development process and representative poems.

The development of ancient Chinese poetry can be traced back to the pre-Qin period, followed by the Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, and finally the Song Dynasty and modern times. In the pre-Qin period, the forms of poetry were relatively simple, mainly Fu and poetry. Fu was a play on words to express the author's feelings and intentions through exaggeration, description, and lyricism. On the other hand, poetry was a form of literature that expressed thoughts, feelings, and opinions. In the Han Dynasty, the form of poetry was further developed into Yuefu poetry. Yuefu poetry was a form of poetry compiled by the Han Dynasty government. It mainly collected folk songs and court music, and then organized and processed them into official poetry forms. During the Tang Dynasty, poetry reached a peak and formed Tang poetry represented by Du Fu, Bai Juyi and others. Tang poetry is known as a classic in the history of Chinese literature for its superb artistic expression and profound ideology. During the Song Dynasty, the forms of poetry became more diverse, and Ci appeared. Ci was a form of poetry that was based on rhyme and meter. Ci was regarded as one of the treasures of ancient Chinese literature with the main purpose of expressing emotion and artistic conception. In the modern era, with the rise of the New Culture Movement, the form and content of poetry had undergone tremendous changes. There were different types of poetry forms such as modern poetry and vernacular poetry. Modern poetry was usually free, creative, and personal, expressing the author's thoughts and emotions, and was widely welcomed and respected.

The development of ancient Chinese poetry can be traced back to the 6th century B.C., which was the period of ancient Greek civilization. The following is a brief history of the development of ancient Chinese poetry: Pre-Qin period (11th century B.C. -221B.C.): The poems of this period were mainly short and concise Fu and Ode to express the theme of sacrifice, war, politics, etc. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C. -220 A.D.): The poems of this period began to develop in the direction of lyric poems and narrative poems. For example, the representative work Guan Ju in the Book of Songs was a poem of the Qin and Han Dynasties. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589): The poetry styles of this period were diverse, including lyric poems, narrative poems, idyllic poems, landscape poems, etc. Famous poets included Cao Zhi, Cao Pi, Li Bai and Du Fu. 4. Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD): The poetry of this period reached its peak and formed the Tang poetry represented by Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, etc. The style of poetry was fresh and natural, the feelings were sincere, and the thoughts were profound. It became an important heritage of Chinese culture. 5 Song Dynasty (960 - 1279): The poems of this period inherited the style of the Tang Dynasty and formed the Song poetry style represented by Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Lu You and others. 6 Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644 AD): The poems of this period began to turn to realism. The poems of the Ming Dynasty represented by Wu Weiye and Gong Zizhen showed concern and reflection on real life. 7 Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911 AD): The poems of this period focused on expressing personal feelings and inner experiences. The poems of the Qing Dynasty represented by Cao Xueqin and Nalan Xingde showed their persistence and exploration of traditional culture. The above is the development of ancient Chinese poetry. Each period has its own unique characteristics and representative works.

The four stages of the development of ancient Chinese novels can be referred to the following examples: 1. Pre-Qin period (11th century B.C. -21st century B.C.): The novels of this period were mainly narrations such as Spring and Autumn Annals and Zuo Zhuan. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties (21st century B.C. -220A.D.): The novels of this period were mainly argumentative articles and Fu such as Records of the Historian and Han Shu. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589): The novels of this period were mainly strange stories and legendary novels such as Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc. 4. Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (589 - 1911): The novels of this period reached their peak, mainly based on narrative literature such as "Dream of the Red Chamber","Journey to the West","Water Margins","Romance of the Three Kingdoms", etc.

The development of ancient Chinese poetry could be traced back to the pre-Qin period, when excellent poetry works such as the Book of Songs and the Songs of Chu appeared. As time passed, ancient Chinese poetry developed into a variety of poetic schools and styles, such as Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuan poetry, etc. In the development of ancient Chinese poetry, the form and content of poetry have been greatly enriched and developed. In terms of form, ancient Chinese poetry gradually developed from the traditional five-character, seven-character, and regular poems into quatrains, regular poems, and other new poetry forms, which further improved the artistry of poetry. In terms of content, the ancient Chinese poetry expressed the author's perception and thinking about nature, life, society and other aspects, which had a far-reaching impact. In the development of ancient Chinese poetry, the style and genre of poetry had also been greatly developed. Different schools and styles have different contents and forms of expression, forming a rich and colorful poetry culture. For example, poets like Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty formed the bold, unrestrained, and vigorous style of Tang poetry; poets like Su Shi, Xin Qiji, and Lu You of the Song Dynasty formed the graceful, fresh, and reserved style of Song Ci; and poets like Yang Shen, Bai Pu, and Zheng Sixiao of the Yuan Dynasty formed the bold, solemn, and lyrical style of Yuan Qu. Generally speaking, the development of ancient Chinese poetry had a deep origin and tended to be diverse. In terms of form and content, the continuous innovation and development of ancient Chinese poetry had a far-reaching impact. In different schools and styles, ancient Chinese poetry has shown its unique artistic charm and left a precious legacy for the development of Chinese culture.

The development of Chinese poetry can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, and then to the Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, and Qing Dynasty. The following are some of the important stages in the development of Chinese poetry: 1 Tang Dynasty (618 - 907): The Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous periods in Chinese history. There were many styles of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, from the bold and unconstrained Du Fu and Bai Juyi to the delicate and tactful Li Bai and Wang Wei. The Tang Dynasty's poetry culture had a profound influence on later generations. 2 Song Dynasty (960 - 1279): The Song Dynasty was a low point in the development of Chinese poetry, but it was also an important historical stage. The Song Dynasty had a variety of poetry styles, from the fresh and natural Su Shi, Xin Qiji, etc. to the bold and unconstrained Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, etc. 3. Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644): The Ming Dynasty was a peak period for the development of Chinese poetry, and the creation of poetry showed a trend of variety and prosperity. There were many styles of poetry in the Ming Dynasty, such as Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji, who wrote lyric poems, and Lu You and Xin Qiji, who wrote narrative poems. 4. Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911): Qing Dynasty was a low point in the development of Chinese poetry, and poetry creation gradually lost its prosperity and variety. The style of poetry in the Qing Dynasty was relatively simple. It was mostly idyllic poems that sang about mountains and rivers. 5. Modern period (1911 - 2019): Modern Chinese poetry began to rise in the early 20th century. Modern poetry has the distinctive characteristics of the times, showing concern for reality and understanding of life. In the latter half of the 20th century, modern Chinese poetry developed into many important schools, such as the Obscure Poetry School, the Poetry Movement School, and the Modern School. In the development of Chinese poetry, each period had its own unique characteristics and styles, which had a profound impact on later generations.

The development of Chinese poetry could be divided into the following stages: 1. Pre-Qin period: The poems of this period were mainly composed of lyrics such as the Book of Songs. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties: A group of important poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu appeared in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Their poetic style formed the bold, unrestrained, and romantic style of Tang poetry. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: The poetry styles of this period were diverse, and a number of poems that expressed personal feelings and personal ideals appeared, such as Tao Yuanming and Su Shi. 4 Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: The poetry of this period developed to the peak and formed schools such as Tang poetry, Song poetry and Yuan poetry represented by poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi and Xin Qiji. The poems of these schools had a variety of styles, but they all had their own unique charm. The poetry creation and thoughts of this period influenced the literary creation of later generations and became an important stage in the history of Chinese literature.

The development of ancient Chinese poetry can be summarized into the following stages: 1. The period of the Book of Songs (about the 11th century B.C. -the 6th century B.C.): This was the initial period of ancient Chinese poetry, which was mainly popular in the Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in ancient China. It contains about 590 poems, most of which are folk songs and lyric poems. The Book of Songs mainly used lyrical and narrative techniques. The language of the poem was concise and bright, with a strong folk song characteristic. 2. Chuci period (about 6th century B.C. -1st century A.D.): Chuci was one of the representative works of ancient Chinese poetry, popular during the Warring States period. The author of the Songs of Chu was a poet and writer of the State of Chu. His poetry style was gorgeous and full of expressiveness. He often used rhetoric techniques such as symbolism and metaphor. 3. Tang Dynasty (1st century-9th century): Tang Dynasty was the heyday of ancient Chinese poetry and one of the most glorious periods in the history of ancient Chinese poetry. There were many styles of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai and Du Fu, who were bold and unconstrained, and Bai Juyi and Su Shi, who were graceful and restrained. The poems of the Tang Dynasty were rich in language and superb in skill. They often used figurative techniques such as images and metaphor to express profound thoughts and feelings. Song Ci period (9th century-12th century): Song Ci was the next period of ancient Chinese poetry, mainly popular in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The styles of Song Ci were varied from Su Shi and Xin Qiji of the bold and unconstrained school to Li Qingzhao and Zhu Ziqing of the graceful and restrained school. The language of Song Ci was beautiful and rhythmic. It often used metaphor, symbolism and lyricism to express profound thoughts and feelings. 5. Yuanqu period (12th century-14th century): Yuanqu was the next period of ancient Chinese poetry, mainly popular in the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan Qü's language was easy to understand, and it was full of expression. It often used symbols and figurative rhetoric to express profound thoughts and feelings.

The formation and development of ancient Chinese military thought went through several stages. The following main stages can be referred to: 1. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 - 221 B.C.): This period was a critical period in the development of military thinking in Chinese history. Many military strategists and philosophers put forward their own military ideas and strategies during this period. The most famous were Sun Tzu (544 - 496 B.C.) and Wu Zi (504 - 460 B.C.). Their military ideology emphasized on defeating the strong with the weak and put forward many famous military tactics and strategies. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C. -220 A.D.): The military ideology of this period was mainly influenced by Taoism and Confucianism, and theories such as "Yin and Yang, Five Elements" and "Heaven and Man Unity" were proposed. At the same time, he also proposed military strategies such as "fake the army" and "wait for fatigue". 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589): The military ideology of this period was influenced by Buddhist ideology and proposed ideas such as "abdication system" and "Buddhist military". At the same time, he also proposed military strategies such as "stabilizing the country and governing the country" and "supporting the war with war". 4. Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (618 - 1911): The military ideology of this period underwent many changes and developments, mainly influenced by Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and militarists. The most famous were Yue Fei (1103 - 1142) and Xin Qiji (1140 - 1187). Their military ideology emphasized the power of the people and patriotism, and proposed many famous military strategies and tactics.

The four stages of the development of ancient Chinese novels can be referred to the following answers: 1. The Hundred Schools of Thought's novels: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the thoughts and academic opinions of the Hundred Schools of Thought influenced the development of novels. The novels of this period were mainly argumentative essays and essays such as The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, etc. 2. Taoist, Confucian, and Mohist novels: During the Qin and Han Dynasties, novels from Taoist, Confucian, and Mohist schools also began to appear. Such as "Records of the Historian,""Han Shu" and so on. 3. Mythological novels: During the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, novels based on mythological stories appeared, such as Classic of Mountains and Seas and Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. 4. Narrated novels: After the Tang Dynasty, narrative novels gradually developed, such as the Song of Everlasting Sorrow, Song of the Pipa, etc. In the Song Dynasty, Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc. Each of these novels had its own characteristics, reflecting the social style and people's lives in different cultures and historical periods.

The development of ancient Chinese novels could be divided into three stages: 1. Pre-Qin novels: appeared in the 11th century to the 6th century B.C., mainly describing war, aristocratic politics, and exploration in the context of history books such as the Spring and Autumn Annals and Zuo Zhuan. 2. Qin and Han novels: From the 6th century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D., they mainly describe historical events, political struggles, wars, etc. with historical works such as Records of the Historian and Han Shu as the background. 3. Tang and Song novels: From the 2nd century to the 9th century, they mainly describe social reality such as chivalry, love, marriage, and business in the context of literary works such as Water Margins, Journey to the West, and Dream of the Red Chamber. The characteristics of these three stages were as follows: The characteristics of the pre-Qin novels were that the content was relatively simple, with historical events and legends as the main way of description. The oral tradition was mainly based on biographies and events. 2. The Qin and Han novels were rich in content and began to form certain literary forms, such as the biographies in the Records of the Historian and the novels in the Book of Han. At the same time, a number of works about war, aristocratic politics, and exploration appeared. 3. The Tang and Song novels were the most mature literary forms, with the emergence of prose-based novels, creating a precedent for novel creation with the theme of describing real life. At the same time, the depth of thought and artistic value of literary works had also been greatly improved.