If he published it at his own expense, would the copyright belong to the author permanently? Did the money earned from selling the books also belong to the self-funded authors?

The copyright usually referred to the copyright protection that the author enjoyed for his work, but it did not necessarily belong to the author. In most countries, copyright usually belongs to the author or his authorized agent, unless the work was jointly created by many people and had a common idea at the time of creation or the author himself did not explicitly grant permission to others to use the work. For example, in the United States, copyright belongs to the author unless the author has previously sold or granted the copyright to others. Similar situations might exist in other countries. Therefore, whether or not the copyright was owned depended on the specific circumstances of the work.

The copyright usually belongs to the author, but in some cases, it may be assigned to the creator, editor, or translator of the work. For example, in the process of creating a literary work, the author usually owned the copyright of the work. However, if the copyright of the work has been granted to a third party such as a publishing house, an editor, or a translator, the author's copyright will be transferred. In addition, in some cases, authors may sell or grant their copyrights to third parties in exchange for other benefits. For example, the author might sell the copyright to a novel adaptation company to receive the profits from adapting and publishing the novel. Therefore, understanding the specific ownership of the author's copyright while reading the novel could help you better understand the plot and the author's creative intentions.

Self-funded and co-publishing were two common publishing methods. The specific differences were as follows: Self-funded publishing means that the author does not need to pay any fees to the publishing house or the publishing company to publish his own work. However, self-funded publishing required the author to have sufficient writing ability and publishing experience in order to design a good book. In addition, self-funded books also required the author to bear the publishing costs, printing costs, distribution costs, and other expenses, so the risk was greater. 2. Co-publishing referred to the author's collaboration with a publishing house. Co-publishing required the author to negotiate with the publishing house to determine the title, cover, pricing, publication time, and other details. Then, they would work together to complete the editing, publishing, printing, and distribution of the book. The risk of co-publishing was relatively small because the publishing house or the publishing company would usually bear part of the cost and provide other support. Between self-funded publishing and co-publishing, authors could choose the appropriate method according to their own needs and conditions. If the author had enough writing ability and publishing experience and wanted to reduce the risk of publishing, then a collaboration might be a better choice. If the author wanted better editing support and publishing services and didn't want to bear too much cost, then self-publishing might be a better option.

If a self-made video was uploaded to a video platform such as Bilibili, the copyright of the video would belong to the platform or the author, depending on the specific situation. Under normal circumstances, the copyright of the video belonged to the author of the video. This was because the video author enjoyed copyright when creating the video, including the original and creative content of the video content, audio and video format, etc. If the video was originally created by the author, the copyright of the video would belong to the author. However, if the video platform obtained the copyright of the video content during the operation process, such as obtaining authorization from the author or purchasing the copyright for the platform operation, the video platform would have the copyright of the video content. In this case, the video platform could decide whether to publicize, share, or distribute the video and how to share and distribute the video. Therefore, if a self-made video was sent to a video platform, one needed to understand the specific copyright laws and regulations to ensure that they enjoyed the copyright of the video content and complied with the relevant laws and regulations.

Whether a self-funded book could sold well depended on the quality of the novel and the market demand. If the novel itself was an excellent work, then it had great potential to sold well. In addition, market demand was also an important factor. If the novel met the readers 'tastes, it was likely to sold well. If he wrote it well, it was more likely to sold well. By publishing a book at his own expense, he could better display his work and let more people understand it. In addition, they could also get more feedback and suggestions to improve their works. However, there were also some risks in self-publishing books, such as the publishing house or the publishing company not recognizing their own works or the lack of market demand, resulting in their books not being able to sold well. Therefore, before deciding to publish a book at their own expense, they had to seriously consider the quality of their work and market demand, and do sufficient market research.

There were some different opinions and situations regarding whether the copyright belonged to the author or the platform. According to the copyright law, the copyright of a novel was the exclusive right of the author to his work, including the right to publish, the right to sign, the right to modify, and so on. Therefore, legally speaking, the copyright of the novel should belong to the author himself. However, in practice, online literature platforms often signed agreements with authors to obtain certain rights to their works. For example, the platform may agree with the author to publish, distribute, and use the work on its platform, and enjoy the copyright of the work. In this case, the platform might affect the author's copyright to a certain extent. In addition, according to some of the answers and opinions in the search results, different platforms and contracts might have different regulations. Some platforms might attribute the copyright of the novel to the platform itself, and the author would only retain the right of signature. Some platforms might share the copyright of the work with the author and pay the author according to a certain percentage. To sum up, the copyright of the novel belonged to the author or the platform. The specific situation might differ depending on the platform and the contract. Before signing the contract, the author should read the terms of the contract carefully to understand his rights and responsibilities.

The copyright of a novel usually belonged to the author. Biography novels were a type of literary work that was usually based on the experiences and lives of real people. Because biographies usually involved the names of real people, places, organizations, and other sensitive information, the copyright usually belonged to the author rather than the investor. The author can sell or share the copyright with other authors or editors to develop and promote the novel. However, when selling or sharing copyrights, the author would usually receive a certain amount of remuneration or copyright fees to cover his creative costs and other related expenses.

If the copyright of the novel was sold and the book was published, the profits would usually go to the original author or the copyright buyer. The specific ownership may vary depending on the copyright sale agreement, the relationship between the buyer and the original author, and other factors. Usually, when the copyright of a novel was sold, the buyer would obtain the ownership and right to use the copyright and publish, adapt, translate, and produce other derivative works within the scope of authorization. If the book was successful and generated revenue, then the revenue would usually fall within the scope of the agreement between the buyer and the original author. However, in some cases, the original author may object to the copyright revenue and demand that all the profits go to them. In this case, legal advice and dispute resolution were needed to ensure that rights were fair and protected.

Generally speaking, when an author signed a contract with a novel, the copyright would belong to the platform. This did not mean that the author's copyright was immediately owned by the platform, but that the author and the platform had reached an agreement that the platform would use the work without authorization. This agreement was often called a "copyright transfer agreement". The platform had to pay the copyright fee to the author and own the copyright for a certain period of time. During this time, the author could still modify, publish, and distribute the work, but the platform had the right to adapt, distribute, and use the work. It should be noted that if the author has sold the copyright to a third party before signing the contract, the copyright of the work will directly belong to the third party. In addition, if the work had been published before the contract was signed, the copyright would also belong to the author. Whether the copyright of the novel written by the author belonged to the platform needed to be determined according to the specific situation.

Whether the copyright belonged to the corresponding author, the first author, or the co-author needed to be analyzed in detail. Under normal circumstances, if there was a cooperative relationship between the corresponding author and the first author, the copyright would be shared by both parties. For example, if the corresponding author and the first author were both authors and they completed the writing and editing of the novel together, the copyright of the novel would belong to both parties. However, if there was no cooperative relationship between the corresponding author and the first author, or if the corresponding author was only responsible for the publication and publicity of the article and the first author was the real author, then the copyright of the novel would belong to the first author alone. In addition, there were some special circumstances, such as the corresponding author and the first author were the same person, or the corresponding author was just the acting author. Then the copyright of the novel belonged to the corresponding author alone. In short, the specific copyright ownership situation needed to be analyzed according to the specific situation.