Introduction to the main literary forms before the Tang Dynasty

Before the Tang Dynasty, Chinese literature had gone through a long process of development, with many different literary forms. The following are the main literary forms: The Pre-Qin philosophers 'prose: The Pre-Qin philosophers were an important period in the history of ancient Chinese thought, and the prose was an important part of the Pre-Qin philosophers' literature. These essays included the Spring and Autumn Annals, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Meanings, and other classic works. 2. The Qin and Han Dynasty narrative poems: The Qin and Han Dynasty narrative poems were an important stage in the history of ancient Chinese poetry. The main representatives were the Book of Songs, the Songs of Chu, and the Nineteen Ancient Poems. These poems mainly expressed strong emotions and topics through narration and lyricism. 3. Poetry of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the peak period of ancient Chinese literature, and poetry creation showed a variety of characteristics. These poems, including "Ascending","Lushan Ballad","Drinking" and other classic works, showed profound thoughts and emotions. 4. Poetry of the Tang Dynasty: The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of ancient Chinese poetry, and poetry creation showed a prosperous scene. The poems of the Tang Dynasty were famous for their vigor, boldness, magnificence, and color. The main representatives were Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi. Song Dynasty Ci: Song Dynasty Ci was a branch of ancient Chinese literature, represented by the graceful and restrained school and the bold and unconstrained school. These words were mainly lyrical and described, and the language was beautiful and rhythmic. Other forms: In addition to the above-mentioned literary forms, there were many other forms of literary works in ancient China, such as rap, novels, plays, etc. These literary forms had their own unique characteristics and forms of expression in different periods and regions.

The Tang Dynasty was an important period in the history of Chinese literature. The forms of literary works were rich and varied. The following are some common forms of literary works in the Tang Dynasty: 1. Poetry: The Tang Dynasty poetry creation flourished. Among them, the poems of Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Zhihuan and others were the most famous. There were many forms of poems in Tang Dynasty, such as title poems, lyric poems, narrative poems, etc. 2. Prose: The prose of the Tang Dynasty is represented by the works of Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and others. Its prose style is vigorous and powerful, focusing on ideology and artistry. 3. Yuefu: Yuefu poems of the Tang Dynasty were the earliest lyric literature. Among them, the Yuefu folk songs in the Book of Songs were the pioneers, mainly describing folk life and emotions. Fu: Fu of the Tang Dynasty, Bi, Xing and Fu are works that describe reality. Bi is a work that uses scenery to express emotions or express thoughts. Xing is a work that uses music, dance and other forms to express the theme of the work. 5. Fictions: In the Tang Dynasty, there were novels that were mainly stories, such as Song of Everlasting Sorrow and Song of Pipa. These novels mainly described the life of the palace and folk stories. 6. Literature theory: The literary critics of the Tang Dynasty put forward many literary theories and critical views, such as "Wen is used to carry the Tao" and "The article is eternal", which had a far-reaching impact on the literary theory of later generations. These are just some of the common forms of literary works in the Tang Dynasty. The literary works of the Tang Dynasty also involved other fields such as Ci, legend, opera, etc.

The Tang Dynasty was an important period in the history of Chinese novels. The following are the main forms of novels in the Tang Dynasty: Legendary novels: Legendary novels were one of the most representative forms of novels in the Tang Dynasty. The plot was usually based on legends, mainly telling the stories of heroes, fairies, monsters, etc. 2. Strange novels: Strange novels were also known as notebook novels. They mainly told stories about immortals, ghosts, demons, etc. It was a popular form of novels in the Tang Dynasty. 3. Nargative poetry: Nargative poetry is a type of novel that focuses on narrative techniques. Usually, the story is presented through the poet's narration. It mainly tells the experiences of the characters and the development of the story. 4. Legendary story: A legendary story refers to a story that uses historical events or historical figures as the theme to show the theme of the novel through fictional plots and character creation. 5. Short story: The short story was an important form of novels in the Tang Dynasty. It was usually featured by a compact plot and distinctive characters. It mainly narrated the story and personality of the characters. The novels of the Tang Dynasty had various forms, but they all had distinct characteristics of the times and literary styles, which laid the foundation for the development of later novels.

The main form of literature during the Tang Dynasty was poetry because the Tang Dynasty was one of the golden ages of poetry development. During the Tang Dynasty, there were many famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, and so on. Their works became one of the classic representatives of Chinese literature. In addition to poetry, many other forms of literature appeared in the Tang Dynasty, such as Fu, prose, Wen Fu, Yue Fu, Ci, Qu, etc. Among them, poetry was one of the most prominent literary forms. The poetry of the Tang Dynasty was not only numerous but also of high quality, which had a profound impact on the development of poetry in later generations.

The main form of novels in the Tang Dynasty was legendary novels, also known as legends, legendary collections, or supernatural novels. Legendary novels originated from the Han, Wei, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. They mainly described historical and mythical figures. The plot was complicated and often contained a certain philosophical and religious significance. The legendary novels of the Tang Dynasty inherited this tradition, and the most representative works included Water Margins, Journey to the West, Dream of the Red Chamber, and so on. The main feature of the legendary novels of the Tang Dynasty was that they had rich plots, profound characters, beautiful language and extremely high literary value. They not only satisfied the readers 'needs for adventure, mythology, chivalry and other subjects, but also laid the foundation for the creation of later novels.

The Tang Dynasty was one of the peak periods of ancient Chinese literature. The following are the common literary styles of the Tang Dynasty: 1 Poetry: Tang Dynasty poetry is one of the main forms of literature in the Tang Dynasty. It is famous for its short, concise, and strong lyricism. The main forms of Tang poetry were five-character, seven-character, regular poems, quatrains, etc. 2. Prose: There are various forms of prose in the Tang Dynasty, such as political comments, historical biographies, novels, etc. There are also lyric, discussion, description, etc. The famous Tang Dynasty essayists included Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, etc. 3. Yuefu: Yuefu was one of the earliest forms of poetry in the Tang Dynasty. It mainly collected folk songs and described folk life, labor, love, etc. Fu: Fu was a literary form of the Tang Dynasty. It was often used to express political views, feelings, and ideals. 5 novels: The rapid development of novels in the Tang Dynasty mainly included "Song of Everlasting Sorrow","Pipa Song","Biography of Wen Jun", etc. Among them,"Water Margins" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" were the most famous. Legend: Legend was a type of novel in the Tang Dynasty that mainly narrated historical events and characters, often with mythical colors and romantic styles. 7 Poetry Collection: There were many poetry collections in the Tang Dynasty, such as "Complete Tang Poetry" and "Biography of Tang Talents". These collections included a large number of excellent poems and essays of the Tang Dynasty.

There were many characteristics in the forms of literature and art in the Song Dynasty, among which the most prominent was the phenomenon of "cultural assimilation". "Assimilation of literature" referred to the Song Dynasty writers integrating their thoughts, feelings, and style into their works to form a unified literary style. This style was widely used in the literary works of the Song Dynasty, such as the works of Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao and other writers, all showing unique personalities and styles. Another important feature of the Song Dynasty's literature and art was its emphasis on leisure. In the Song Dynasty, people generally believed that leisure was a noble quality. Many writers expressed their yearning for leisure life in their works. For example, in Su Shi's "Ode to the Red Cliff", it was written that "leisure time is good for learning", which showed the respect for academic research in the literature of the Song Dynasty. In addition, the literature and art of the Song Dynasty also had unique characteristics in terms of language. For example, slang, idioms, and proverb were commonly used in the poems of the Song Dynasty. These rich and colorful language forms made the works more lively and interesting. The literature and art of Song Dynasty embodied the dual characteristics of "cultural assimilation" and "leisure" in the form of expression, which provided important reference and enlightenment for the literary creation of later generations.

The Song Dynasty was an important period in the history of Chinese literature. Its main literary forms included Ci, prose, poetry and novels. Among them, Ci was one of the main artistic forms of the Song Dynasty literature. It was represented by the graceful and restrained school and the bold and unconstrained school. It had beautiful temperament and profound ideology. The outstanding adults of the Song Dynasty, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong, etc. Su Shi's literary style was mainly bold and unconstrained. Su Xun and Su Zhe were famous for their graceful and restrained style. Ouyang Xiu's literary style was mainly prose. Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong were famous for their poetry and prose. Their works not only occupied an important position in the history of Chinese literature, but also had a profound influence on world literature.

Before the Tang Dynasty, the development of seals had gone through several important stages. Before the establishment of the feudal system in the Qin and Han Dynasties, seals were mainly used to seal and inspect bamboo slips, and the seals were mainly written in white. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the shape of the seal had undergone a huge change. The seal characters changed from raised white characters to imprinted characters on the paper, which were more distinct and eye-catching. After the Sui Dynasty was unified, this new official seal was fixed as a system, and the sealing mud was abandoned, and the color of the seal was changed. The function of the seal also evolved from sealing bamboo slips to signing documents. In addition, ancient Chinese seals implemented a strict hierarchical system. Officials wore different seals and ribbons according to their official rank and salary to show their power and rank. In general, the development of seals before the Tang Dynasty had experienced a change from white to red, and from sealing mud to the color of the seal. At the same time, it also reflected a strict hierarchy.

The Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous periods in Chinese history. The general situation of the literary history of the Tang Dynasty can be summarized as follows: Outstanding achievements in poetry: The prosperity of poetry creation in the Tang Dynasty surpassed that of other periods. Many famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, etc. all had outstanding poetry works. The Tang Dynasty poetry was featured by its beautiful rhythm, profound artistic conception, and rich thoughts, leaving behind a large number of classic works. 2. There are many literary schools: There are many literary schools in the Tang Dynasty, such as bold and unconstrained school, graceful school, landscape school, Ci school, etc. Among them, the most famous representative figures of the bold and unconstrained school were Su Shi, Xin Qiji, and so on. Their works were full of bold and unconstrained, unrestrained atmosphere. 3. Prose achievements are also very high: Prose achievements in the Tang Dynasty are also very high. Representative figures include Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, etc. Their works focused on ideology and logic, with Han Yu's ancient prose movement as a representative, which had a profound impact on later prose. 4. The literary works of the Tang Dynasty had a far-reaching influence. Not only did they leave behind a large number of poems and prose works, but they also influenced the development of literature in later generations and became an important part of Chinese culture. For example, the poems, novels, and legends of the Tang Dynasty had a profound impact on the literary creation of later generations. The literary history of the Tang Dynasty was a rich and vibrant period, and its literary achievements had a far-reaching impact on later generations.