What were the characteristics of the changes in literary forms in the Northern Song Dynasty? What were the reasons for the changes?

The Song Dynasty was an important period in the history of Chinese literature. Its main literary forms included Ci, prose, poetry and novels. Among them, Ci was one of the main artistic forms of the Song Dynasty literature. It was represented by the graceful and restrained school and the bold and unconstrained school. It had beautiful temperament and profound ideology. The outstanding adults of the Song Dynasty, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong, etc. Su Shi's literary style was mainly bold and unconstrained. Su Xun and Su Zhe were famous for their graceful and restrained style. Ouyang Xiu's literary style was mainly prose. Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong were famous for their poetry and prose. Their works not only occupied an important position in the history of Chinese literature, but also had a profound influence on world literature.

In the fifth chapter of Camel Xiangzi, Xiangzi experienced many changes. Some of the reasons for the changes included: He began to realize the injustice and cruelty of society and began to think about his way out and the meaning of life. The relationship between him and Little Blessing had changed. The death of Little Blessing's mother made Xiangzi pay more attention to his family. His relationship with Hu Niu had also changed. Hu Niu's seduction and deception had caused Xiangzi to doubt and distrust love and marriage. Xiangzi's financial situation changed. He lost his job and was in financial trouble. He had to start various illegal activities to make a living. There were many reasons for these changes, including social reality, personal experience and psychological factors. After experiencing many setbacks and failures, he gradually realized the injustice and cruelty of society and began to doubt his own life and values. At the same time, he was also affected by his personal experience and emotions.

There were many characteristics in the forms of literature and art in the Song Dynasty, among which the most prominent was the phenomenon of "cultural assimilation". "Assimilation of literature" referred to the Song Dynasty writers integrating their thoughts, feelings, and style into their works to form a unified literary style. This style was widely used in the literary works of the Song Dynasty, such as the works of Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao and other writers, all showing unique personalities and styles. Another important feature of the Song Dynasty's literature and art was its emphasis on leisure. In the Song Dynasty, people generally believed that leisure was a noble quality. Many writers expressed their yearning for leisure life in their works. For example, in Su Shi's "Ode to the Red Cliff", it was written that "leisure time is good for learning", which showed the respect for academic research in the literature of the Song Dynasty. In addition, the literature and art of the Song Dynasty also had unique characteristics in terms of language. For example, slang, idioms, and proverb were commonly used in the poems of the Song Dynasty. These rich and colorful language forms made the works more lively and interesting. The literature and art of Song Dynasty embodied the dual characteristics of "cultural assimilation" and "leisure" in the form of expression, which provided important reference and enlightenment for the literary creation of later generations.

In the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty, the three Sus referred to the three brothers, Su Xun, Su Shi, and Su Zhe. They were not only literary masters but also politicians, ideologists and writers of the Northern Song Dynasty. San Su's works were mainly prose, and he was known as one of the representatives of the gentleman. Their works have profound cultural implications and high artistic value, and they are still widely praised and praised.

The Song Dynasty literature had many forms of expression, and the more representative ones included: Ci: It was one of the most important literary forms of the Song Dynasty, famous for its gorgeous, tactful, and subtle style. The representative poets were Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao, etc. Prose: Prose was another important literary form in Song Dynasty literature. Its main purpose was to express feelings, comment on characters, and narrate history. The representative essayists were Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, etc. 3. Poetry: The Song Dynasty was also very prosperous in poetry creation. The main purpose was to express feelings, narrate stories, and describe scenery. Representative poets included Lu You, Yang Wanli, Xin Qiji, and so on. 4. Fictions: The Song Dynasty's novel creation was also very rich. Among them, Water Margins and Journey to the West were the most famous. The literature of the Song Dynasty became an important stage in the history of Chinese literature with its tactful, subtle, gorgeous, beautiful style and colorful forms of expression.

The main form of expression of Song Dynasty literature was Ci. Ci was one of the most influential literary forms in the history of Chinese literature and one of the important representatives of Song Dynasty literature. Ci originated in the Tang Dynasty, but it was developed and perfected in the Song Dynasty, becoming one of the main forms of literature in the Song Dynasty. Ci was featured by concise language, beautiful rhythm, and rich emotions. It often appeared in the form of poetry. There were many famous poets in the Song Dynasty, such as Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao, and so on. Their works were regarded as the classics of Chinese literature.

In the Ming Dynasty's vernacular novels, there were various changes in the literary status of merchants and scholars. The following are some of the main changes: 1. The status of merchants in literature has been improved: In the Ming Dynasty, many characters of merchants have been valued and portrayed. They were no longer people of low social status, but people with thoughts, culture, and stories. For example, the characters of merchants that often appeared in novels of the Ming Dynasty included Jia Baoyu in Dream of the Red Chamber and Lin Chong in Water Margins. 2. The literary status of scholars was relatively low: Compared with merchants, scholars had a relatively lower literary status in the vernacular novels of the Ming Dynasty. They were often seen as lofty figures who lacked practical ability and only knew how to read. In novels, their images were usually relatively simple and flat, such as Lu Junyi in Water Margins and Zhuge Liang in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. 3. The image of the merchant is more plump: In the Ming Dynasty, the image of the merchant in the vernacular novels gradually became plump and three-dimensional. They were no longer simple money-making machines, but characters with thoughts, emotions, and stories. For example, the characters of merchants that often appeared in novels of the Ming Dynasty included Wu Yong in Water Margins and Jia Zheng in Dream of the Red Chamber. The image of the scholar gradually lost its luster: The image of the scholar in the vernacular novels of the Ming Dynasty gradually became dull. They were often seen as lofty figures who only knew how to read, lacked practice, and only knew how to recite poems. In novels, their images were usually relatively simple and flat, such as Lu Zhishen in Water Margins, Zhuge Liang in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc. Generally speaking, the literary status of merchants and scholars in the Ming Dynasty's vernacular novels changed in various ways. The literary status of merchants had improved, and the literary status of scholars was relatively lower. The image of merchants was more plump, and the image of scholars gradually lost its luster.

The Song Dynasty was an important period in the history of Chinese literature. The Song Dynasty literature had undergone many changes and developments. The following are some of the main trends: 1. The rise of Ci: In the Song Dynasty, Ci gradually rose as a literary form. Ci was usually used to express the author's feelings and thoughts. There were many famous poets in the Song Dynasty, such as Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao, and so on. Their works became one of the classics of Chinese literature. 2. The development of prose: Prose was another important literary form in Song Dynasty literature. Prose was usually used to record official documents, comment on current affairs, express feelings, and so on. There were many famous prose writers in the Song Dynasty, such as Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi. Their works became one of the classics of Chinese literature. 3. The development of the novel: The novel was one of the most popular forms of literature in the Song Dynasty. The novels of the Song Dynasty were often used to reflect social reality and express the author's thoughts and feelings. There were many famous novelists in the Song Dynasty, such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, You Dong, and so on. Their works became one of the classics of Chinese literature. 4. The decline of poetry: Compared with Ci, prose and novels, the status of poetry in the Song Dynasty gradually declined. This was because poetry was not as easy to express emotions and thoughts as other forms of literature. The literature of the Song Dynasty had experienced many changes and developments. Different literary forms had their own characteristics and status in different periods. The achievements of the Song Dynasty literature not only occupied an important position in the history of Chinese literature, but also had a far-reaching impact on world literature.

There were many different changes in the 1990s and 1980s: 1. The popularity of the Internet: In the 1990s, the Internet began to become widespread. People began to use computers and Internet connections at home. This created the conditions for freedom and access on the Internet, allowing people to freely access resources on the Internet such as blog posts, videos, and social media. 2. Popularity of mobile devices: In the 1990s, mobile devices began to become popular, such as personal computers, mobile phones, and tablets. This allows people to access the Internet and applications anytime, anywhere, which has boosted the development of mobile applications and Internet commerce. 3. The rise of social media: In the 1990s, social media became popular, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. These social media platforms allowed people to share photos, videos, and texts and establish social connections. Social media also provided new sales channels for advertisers, further promoting the development of the Internet business. 4. Increase in overseas investment: In the 1990s, overseas investment began to increase, especially in Asia and the Pacific region. This has led to the growth of economic prosperity and development. 5. Increase in cybercrime: In the 1990s, cybercrime also began to appear, such as hacking, online fraud, and online theft. These cybercrimes made cybersecurity more important and urgent. The opening up of the 1990s and 1980s saw many different changes, including the spread of the Internet, the spread of mobile devices, the rise of social media, the increase in foreign investment, and the increase in cybercrime. These changes had promoted the growth of economic prosperity and development.

The prose of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties experienced a series of historical changes, including the following aspects: 1. Changes in literary forms: The prose of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was no longer limited to the traditional poetry form, but more prose forms such as Fu, Wen, Lei, Preface, Zan, etc. These prose forms were freer, more diverse, and more focused on expressing thoughts and emotions. 2. Change of content: The prose content of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties paid more attention to reflecting the social reality and showed more profound thoughts and cultural identity. The content of the prose involved politics, philosophy, history, culture, art and many other aspects, paying more attention to expressing the author's thoughts and views. 3. Changes in language: The prose language of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties paid more attention to magnificence, appeal and expressiveness, and also paid more attention to the rhyme and rhythm of the language. The language forms of prose are more diverse, including the rhythm of poetry and the norms of ancient prose, paying more attention to the aesthetic value of language. 4. Changes in style: The prose styles of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were more diverse. There were both the norms of ancient prose styles and the freedom of poetry styles. The style of the prose paid more attention to the author's personality and emotions, and also paid more attention to expressing thoughts and emotions.