Did the Song and Ming dynasties perish because of pedantic scholars?

The Xia Dynasty perished because of Shang Tang. In 1600 B.C., Shang Tang led the Shang tribe to destroy the Xia Dynasty. Xia Jie's brutal rule intensified social conflicts, and the Xia Dynasty's national strength declined. At the same time, the power of the Shang Kingdom gradually became stronger, and the people's hearts also turned against Jie and attacked Xia. Shang Tang saw Xia Jie's corruption and was determined to destroy the Xia Dynasty. The Xia Dynasty had been deserted by everyone, and Shang Tang had led well. Therefore, Xia Jie's army was quickly defeated and Jie was exiled. Therefore, the Xia Dynasty was replaced by the newly established Shang Dynasty.

The Southern Song Dynasty was a very important dynasty in Chinese history. There were many reasons for its demise. Among them, the mainstream view was that the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty was caused by internal political corruption, economic backwardness, military weakness, and the rise and invasion of the Mongol Empire. The year title of the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was the "Dayuan" year title that was determined by the Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan during the Zhiyuan period (1271 - 1289). The Southern Song Dynasty perished in 1276. At that time, the Mongol Empire launched an all-out attack on the Southern Song Dynasty. After several months of war, the Mongol army finally captured the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). The Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed.

I recommend "Ode to the New Summer" and "How I Became Liu Ziye". Both of them are historical subjects, and the main characters are scholars. "Ode to the New Summer" told the story of the main character in the Xia and Song dynasties, while "How I Became Liu Ziye" traveled back to the Liu and Song dynasties and became a scholar named Liu Ziye, whose background was unknown. The two novels were well written and well written, so they were worth reading. I hope you like my recommendation. Muah ~

After Liu Yu's death, the Song Kingdom experienced a series of internal divisions and external wars, which eventually led to its destruction. After Liu Yu's son, Liu Yifu, succeeded to the throne, his incompetence and brutality led to a large-scale rebellion. After he was deposed, Liu Yu's other son, Liu Yilong, succeeded to the throne, but his rule did not change the decline of the Song Kingdom. In addition, the Song Country and Northern Wei had a large-scale war. As a result, the Song Country was defeated and lost a large amount of territory, greatly weakening their national strength. In the end, Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuobatao, launched an attack on the Song Kingdom in the year 479, leading to the destruction of the Song Kingdom.

The following are the famous scholars from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties: The famous scholars of the Pre-Qin period (11th century B.C. to 21st century B.C.) were: 1 Confucius (551 - 479 B.C.): The founder of Confucianism was called the Sage. 2. Mencius (371 - 289 B.C.): One of the important representatives of the Confucian school of thought proposed the theory of "good nature" and other ideas. 3. Xunzi (307 - 210 B.C.): One of the important representatives of the Taoist school proposed the idea of "governing by inaction". 4. Han Feizi (242 - 202 B.C.): One of the important representatives of the Legalism school proposed ideas such as "Legalism". The famous literati of the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C. -220 A.D.) were: 1 Li Si (246 B.C. -189 A.D.): The prime minister of Qin State put forward thoughts such as "Legalism". 2. Xiao He (203 B.C. -184 A.D.): The finance minister of the Qin Dynasty put forward the idea of "taking agriculture and mulberry as the foundation". 3. Jia Yi (202 B.C. -168 A.D.): The Minister of Finance of the Han Dynasty proposed the idea of "saving money". 4. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (156 B.C. -8 A.D.): The emperor of the Han Dynasty used the representatives of Confucianism and Legalism. The famous literati of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589 AD) were: Wang Xizhi (303 - 361): The representative works of the Eastern Jin Dynasty calligraphers include the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection. 2. Tao Yuanming (303 - 365): The representative works of the Eastern Jin Dynasty poets include the Peach Blossom Spring. 3. Xie Lingyun (313 - 376): The representative works of the Eastern Jin Dynasty poets include the Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng. 4. Bao Zhao (344 - 402): The representative works of the Eastern Jin Dynasty poets include Song of a White Head. The famous literati of the Sui and Tang Dynasties (618 - 907 AD) were: 1. Li Bai (701 - 762): The representative works of the Tang Dynasty poets include "The Wine" and so on. 2 Du Fu (712 - 770): The representative works of the Tang Dynasty poets include "Ascending" and so on. 3. Bai Juyi (772 - 846): The representative works of Tang Dynasty poets include Song of Everlasting Sorrow. 4. Han Yu (768 - 824): The representative works of Tang Dynasty poets include "Teacher Shuo" and so on. The famous literati of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (11th century to 19th century) were: 1. Su Shi (1037 - 1101): The representative works of the Song Dynasty writers include "Ode to the Red Cliff" and so on. 2. Xin Qiji (1140 - 1207): The representative works of the Song Dynasty poet include "Sapphire Case·Yuanxi" and so on. 3. Lu You (1125 - 1210): The representative works of the Song Dynasty writers include "The Phoenix with the Head" and "The Feelings of the World". 4 Ouyang Xiu (1007 - 1072): Song Dynasty writer's representative works include "The Drunkard Pavilion" and so on. 5 Zhu Xi (1130 - 1200): Song Dynasty philosopher's representative works include "Four Books, Chapters and Sentences," etc. These are the famous scholars from the Pre-Qin to the Ming and Qing Dynasties and their ideas and works that had a profound impact on Chinese literature.

If the Song Dynasty did not perish, its development might show the following characteristics: 1. Prosperous economy: The Song Dynasty was one of the most prosperous periods in China's history. Its commodity economy developed rapidly, and trade was frequent. The development of maritime trade and the Silk Road was also extremely prosperous. 2. highly developed culture: the Song Dynasty had a highly developed culture, literature, art, science and technology, and other fields that had achieved outstanding achievements. 3. Relatively stable politics: The Song Dynasty was relatively stable in politics. The government functions were strengthened, the bureaucracy was perfected, and the political system was relatively mature. 4. Powerful military strength: The Song Dynasty had made great achievements in military affairs. The army was large in scale and well equipped. The training and management ability of the army was also excellent. External exchanges: The Song Dynasty had extensive external exchanges with neighboring countries and international organizations, established deep relations, and carried out extensive trade and cultural exchanges. 6. Pay attention to education: The Song Dynasty paid attention to education and formed a relatively complete education system, cultivating a large number of talents and having a profound influence on later generations. If the Song Dynasty did not perish, it would become a period of economic, cultural, political, military, and educational development that would have a profound impact on future generations.

The Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties referred to the historical changes between the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in Chinese history. The Song Dynasty (960 - 1279) was a dynasty in Chinese history. It was the general name of the three dynasties of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Later Shu, the Southern Tang, and the Northern Song. The Song Dynasty's politics, economy, and culture had all developed greatly. It was known as the era of "economic prosperity, cultural prosperity, and martial arts strength." The Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368) was a dynasty in Chinese history. It was established by the Mongol Empire in the late 13th century. The territory of the Yuan Dynasty was unprecedentedly vast, including present-day China, many countries in Asia, and a part of Europe. The ruler of the Yuan Dynasty was Kublai Khan. He implemented a series of important reforms, such as the implementation of the "central power" system, the development of territory, the development of energy, etc., which made the politics, economy, and culture of the Yuan Dynasty develop greatly. The Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) was a dynasty in Chinese history. It was the dynasty after the Yuan Dynasty and also the "Renaissance" period in Chinese history. The political system of the Ming Dynasty was relatively perfect. The economy was prosperous, the culture was prosperous, and the foreign policy was flexible. Science and technology developed rapidly. The leaders of the Ming Dynasty were Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Di, Wanli, etc. The Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1912) was a dynasty in Chinese history. It was the dynasty after the Ming Dynasty. The political system of the Qing Dynasty was relatively perfect. The economic center of gravity moved southward. The culture was prosperous. The martial arts were strong. The foreign policy was tough. The development of science and technology was slow. The leaders of the Qing Dynasty were Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, etc. In Chinese history, the change between the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty was an important historical event. It marked the end of China's feudal society and China entered a capitalist society. The change between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty marked the decline of China's feudal society and the beginning of the modern process.

Gu Yanwu was a philosopher and ideologist in the Ming Dynasty. He proposed the idea of "abandoning all schools of thought and respecting Confucianism", which had a profound impact on the development of the Song and Ming Dynasties. However, Gu Yanwu also recognized the drawbacks of the Song and Ming Dynasties 'Confucianism, such as the narrow-minded nationalistic thinking of "there are plenty of fish in the sea, why do you have to be one-sided with a flower". Gu Yanwu advocated for a pragmatic attitude towards knowledge and learning, and opposed the Song and Ming Confucianism that placed too much emphasis on morality and ethics. He believed that only by combining academic and practical knowledge could society progress and develop. He also put forward the slogan of "practical application", calling on scholars to combine academic research with social needs and make practical contributions to society.

The twenty-four dynasties did not mention the four dynasties of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing.

The reason why the Ming Dynasty fell after 276 years was due to a combination of internal corruption, external invasion, natural disasters and other factors. The Ming Dynasty had outstanding performance in politics, economy, culture, military and other aspects, but it was weak in the face of external pressure, leading to the decline of the country. Chongzhen was the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He was a very talented politician, but he had some shortcomings in dealing with domestic problems and dealing with external threats. Facing the severe situation of internal corruption and external invasion, he took a series of measures, such as weakening the power of eunuchs, strengthening the central power, reducing the burden of taxes, recruiting troops, etc. However, these methods were not completely effective, which led to the further deterioration of the country's financial situation and finally led to the demise of the Ming Dynasty.