The Japanese pirates were a controversial topic in ancient Chinese history. During Qi Jiguang's time, pirates were sea thieves from Japan (now the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese slave country). The following are some examples of describing the appearance of the Japanese pirates during Qi Jiguang's period in literary terms: The appearance of the pirates was very unique. They were usually short and thin, with good looks, deep eyes, small noses, and fair skin. Their hair is usually short and brown or gray, sometimes with black spots. The clothes of the pirates were also very unique. They usually wore tight jackets or robes, often with belts and shoes. Their hand features were very obvious. Their fingers were slender, their palms were small, and their feet were light. The way the pirates moved was also very unique. They usually use qinggong and martial arts to walk and run freely on water, and are also good at using various weapons such as Japanese swords and short swords. In literature, the image of Japanese pirates was often portrayed as cunning, witty, and cruel thieves who were good at using various means to obtain benefits and even hurt innocent people. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao had once sent General Xu Huang to lead the army to fight against the Japanese pirates and achieved a remarkable victory. The appearance and characteristics of the Japanese pirates during Qi Jiguang's period had unique characteristics. Their images were also widely depicted in literature.