The Mongolian history and culture is an important part of the Chinese nation, with a long history and profound cultural heritage. This article will discuss the main characteristics of the Mongolian history and culture from the origin, development process, cultural inheritance and other aspects of the Mongolian. The origins of the Mongolians could be traced back to the Neoliths about 4000 years ago. In the later historical period, the Mongolians experienced a long period of tribal conflict and integration, gradually forming the Mongolians of today. According to records, the earliest ancestors of the Mongolians were nomads around Lake Baikal. Later, they gradually expanded to the Central Plains and integrated with other ethnic groups such as the Han. In the history of China, the Mongolians had appeared in important positions in politics and economy many times, such as the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. The development of the Mongolians had experienced many difficulties and challenges. During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol ruler, Kublai Khan, implemented the concept of "Mongol System" and "Great Unity" to achieve the integration of Mongolia and Han, and also promoted the development of Mongolian culture and economy. During the Qing Dynasty, the Mongolians were forced into the big families of the Manchurian and Mongolian ethnic groups by the rulers and experienced a series of cultural and identity losses. However, the Mongolians never forgot their history and culture. In modern society, they still insisted on their traditions and customs. The inheritance of Mongolian culture was a unique phenomenon. The Mongolians had a rich and colorful traditional culture, such as Mongolian language, Mongolian music, Mongolian dance, Mongolian barbecue, and so on. At the same time, the Mongolians also attached importance to education as an important way to pass on their traditional culture. In Mongolia, family and community education was an important component. Parents and elders would spend a lot of time and energy to cultivate the education of their children and grandchildren. The main characteristics of Mongolian history and culture include multiculturalism, long history, unique cultural inheritance, etc. These characteristics made the Mongolian culture still have important significance and value in modern society. In addition, the development of Mongolian history and culture also had a profound impact on the development of other ethnic cultures. Therefore, we should respect and protect the history and culture of the Mongolians so that they can continue to shine in modern society.