Zhang Ailing's novel," The First Incense," was regarded as a classic modern Chinese novel. It described the social scene in Shanghai in the 1930s and showed the status and fate of women at that time. The novel used the agarwood scraps of the first incense stick as a clue to interweave many characters together. Through the description of the characters 'personalities and the narration of the plot, it showed the complexity and multi-sidedness of human nature. The language of the novel was concise, precise, and of high artistic value. The author used a lot of metaphor and symbolism to make the mood and emotion of the novel more profound. At the same time, Zhang Ailing's novels often involved social issues such as gender, class, identity and so on. She deeply reflected and discussed the social reality at that time. Aquilaria Fragments: The First Incense is an excellent novel. It not only shows the author's outstanding literary talent, but also reflects some social problems at that time, which has a profound impact on later literary creation.