In the 19th century, one of the major trends in the development of the world's movies was the adaptation of literary classics into screenplays. These screenplays are often called "literary films" because they are adapted from literary works rather than novels. In the early 19th century, the main examples of literary films were the adaptation of literary works such as Notre-Dame de Paris and les Misérables. These films were widely welcomed at the time and became classics. With the development of film technology, literary films gradually turned to more modern topics such as films reflecting social changes. In the late 19th and early 20th century, many movies that reflected social reality and human weakness appeared, such as Gone with the Wind and Citizen Kane. Therefore, it could be said that the world movies of the 19th century were mainly based on famous novels. These works reflected the social and cultural styles of the time and laid the foundation for the development of film technology.