What is the difference between the literary environment before and after the 1980s? I will try to discuss it from the perspective of translation and literary criticism.

Literature criticism and literary criticism were both ways of evaluating and analyzing literary works, but the focus and perspective were slightly different. Literature criticism refers to the subjective evaluation and analysis of literary works, mainly focusing on the characteristics and contents of literary works in terms of ideology, art, culture, etc., emphasizing the interpretation and understanding of the works themselves. Critists would use various methods such as reading, thinking, discussion, and analysis to conduct in-depth exploration and evaluation of works. Literature criticism, on the other hand, paid more attention to the analysis of the social, historical, and cultural background of literary works, as well as the author's intention, purpose, and creative process. The criticism mainly focused on the meaning, value, and influence of the work, emphasizing the evaluation of the relationship between the work and the era, society, history, and culture. Critiques tended to focus on being objective and fair, avoiding the interference of subjective colors. Therefore, the main difference between literary criticism and literary criticism lies in the focus of evaluation and analysis. One is the interpretation and understanding of the work itself, and the other is the evaluation of the relationship between the work and the times, society, and culture.

Both literary theory criticism and literary criticism theory are disciplines that study literary phenomena and literary works, but the research objects and methods of the two are different. The theory of literary criticism is a theory that studies the essential characteristics, internal structure, and historical evolution of literary works. Its purpose is to analyze and explain literary works in depth to help readers better understand and appreciate literary works. The research methods of literary theory criticism include literature research, comparison research, historical research, etc. On the other hand, the theory of literary criticism is to study the internal laws and development trends of literary phenomena and literary theories. Its purpose was to carry out a systematic study of literary phenomena and literary works in order to promote the development and progress of literature. The research methods of literary criticism theory include literature research, positive research, and cross-disciplinary research. Therefore, literary theory and criticism are more focused on the analysis and explanation of literary works themselves, while literary criticism theory is more focused on the study of literary phenomena and literary theory, aiming to reveal the internal laws and development trends of literature.

The sociological perspective of literary criticism refers to the sociological perspective of society, culture, politics, and other sociological perspectives to explore the social reality, cultural phenomena, historical background, etc. reflected in literary works, so as to analyze and evaluate literary works. From a sociological point of view, literary criticism could focus on the social background, characters, plot structure, and theme of the work to explore the impact of the work on the society, culture, and politics at that time, as well as the impact of the work on the culture and society of later generations. In addition, one could also explore the theme and ideas expressed by literary works from the aspects of human culture, human behavior, human relations, etc., so as to understand the meaning and extension of literary works in depth. Studying literary criticism from a sociological perspective can help literary researchers understand literary works in a more comprehensive and in-depth manner, and it can also help readers understand the information and ideas conveyed by literary works more deeply.

Literary criticism is the analysis and evaluation of literature. It examines aspects like themes, characters, and writing styles in a work. Fiction, on the other hand, is a form of literature that tells stories, often imaginary. In short, literary criticism dissects, while fiction creates stories.

Literature criticism and appreciation are both ways of evaluating and analyzing literary works, but there are some differences between them. The main purpose of literary criticism is to judge and evaluate the value of literary works. It aims to reveal the content, ideas, artistic characteristics of the works and give corresponding evaluations. The critics would analyze and discuss the works in depth based on the historical background, the culture of the era, the author's personal experience, and many other factors. Its purpose was to provide readers with a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding and appreciation. Appreciation articles paid more attention to the appreciation and interpretation of the works themselves, aiming to let the readers feel the emotions, artistic conception and beauty of the works. Appreciation essays would usually analyze and interpret the background, theme, plot, and character image of the work in a certain order. At the same time, they would also evaluate the author's writing style and artistic characteristics. The purpose of appreciation is to let the readers understand the meaning and extension of the works while appreciating the works, so as to better understand and appreciate the literary works. In addition, the evaluation methods of literary criticism and appreciation were also different. Criticists tend to focus more on the objective and scientific aspects of their evaluation. They will use scientific methods such as literature research, historical analysis, and so on. The evaluation of an appreciative essay is more subjective and perceptive. The appreciator will evaluate the work according to his own reading experience and aesthetic point of view. At the same time, he will also take into account the historical background and cultural background of the work.

Literature review and literature review are two different kinds of literature reading experience and analysis methods. The main difference lies in the perspective and method of understanding and evaluation of literary works. The post-reading review of literature was based on the reading experience and feelings of the literary works. The readers had emotional resonance and enlightenment in the reading process, and summarized it into their own feelings and evaluations. In the literature review, readers tend to pay more attention to individual emotional experience and feelings rather than the overall structure and meaning of the work. On the other hand, literary criticism focused on analyzing and evaluating the overall structure, theme, style, language, and other aspects of a literary work, emphasizing objective analysis and evaluation of the work. In literary criticism, readers tend to pay more attention to the understanding and analysis of the works rather than the individual emotional experience. Therefore, the main difference between literary reviews and literary reviews lies in the perspective and method of evaluation. The former pays more attention to individual emotional experience and feelings, while the latter pays more attention to the overall structure and meaning of the work.

Literature criticism is a literary activity that reviews and analyses literary works, usually including their content, form, style, theme, symbolism, and language techniques, and exploring the social, cultural, and political impacts of these works. The purpose of literary criticism is to help readers better understand literary works and to discover and appreciate the beauty and meaning in literary works.

A literary review was a type of literary criticism that was an analysis of literary works. Literature criticism would usually focus on a particular literary work or discuss its literary style, theme, structure, language, and other characteristics and advantages. The purpose of literary criticism is to let readers better understand literary works and promote the development and prosperity of literature.

Both literary classics and literary works were literary works, but there were some differences between them. Literature classics referred to literary works with a long history, such as classical masterpieces, ancient poems, essays, novels, and so on. These works were usually preserved in literary classics such as The Analects of Confucius, Dream of the Red Chamber, Journey to the West, etc. The main function of literature books was to pass on culture, enlighten people's thoughts, and cultivate moral character. Literature and art works referred to modern or contemporary works that existed in the form of literature, such as novels, poems, essays, movies, music, etc. The creation and distribution of literary works were different from literary classics. They were more displayed and distributed through art exhibition, concerts, movies, and other means. The main purpose of literary and artistic works is to express the author's thoughts and feelings, as well as the variety of society and human life. In addition, literary classics and literary works had different purposes and audiences. The purpose of creating literary classics was to pass on culture, enlighten people's thoughts, and cultivate moral character. Its audience was mainly scholars and cultural figures. Creators of literary and artistic works paid more attention to the beauty, artistry, and innovation of the works themselves, and their audiences were more extensive, including readers, audiences, musicians, etc.

Literature production and literature creation were two different concepts. The production of literature referred to the production, production, processing, and distribution of literary works, including the conception, writing, editing, proofreading, publishing, and distribution of literary works. The purpose of literary production was to create and spread literary works to meet the needs and preferences of readers and promote the development and prosperity of literature. Literature creation referred to the process of creating works with certain aesthetic value, ideology, and artistic value through the use of language and words. The core of literary creation is the creation idea and the creation purpose, and the use of language and words is only a means to achieve the creation idea and purpose. Therefore, there was a fundamental difference between literary production and literary creation. Literature production is the integration of all the links and processes of literary creation, while literary creation refers to the use of language and words to create works with certain aesthetic value, ideology and artistic value.