Shen Congwen was a famous novelist in modern China. His work, Border Town, was regarded as one of the representative works of modern Chinese literature. In this work, Shen Congwen portrayed the complexity of human nature and social injustice by describing the local conditions and customs of Xiangxi and telling the stories of Cuicui and her grandfather. Shen Congwen had a deep understanding and emotional reflection of the tragedy of the characters in Border Town. He was deeply aware of the relationship between the fate of the characters in the novel and the historical, social and cultural background. Therefore, the description of the tragic fate of the characters in the novel also reflected his concern and reflection on the social reality at that time. In the novel, Cecelia was a girl full of vitality and enthusiasm, but because of her low social status and the unfortunate family situation, she eventually led to her tragic fate. In the novel, Shen Congwen reflected the problems of social class and social status at that time through Cuicui's fate, as well as his concern and concern for the people at the bottom. In addition, his grandfather, Mr. Wang, was also a person full of humanity and emotions. Although he had noble moral character and talent, due to his background and social status, he was unable to realize his ideals and aspirations, resulting in his tragic fate. Shen Congwen's description of his grandfather in the novel reflected his reflection on the social reality and human nature at that time, as well as his deep understanding of human nature and emotions. Shen Congwen's description of the tragic fate of the characters in Border Town reflected his concern and reflection on the social reality at that time, as well as his deep understanding and expression of human nature and emotions.