How many people are there in modern and contemporary Chinese literature?

Modern Chinese literature and contemporary Chinese literature are two different literary schools and historical periods. Modern Chinese literature was developed from 1919 to 1949. It mainly reflected the pain and challenges experienced by the Chinese people in the national crisis and class struggle since modern times, including literature, art, thought and so on. The main representatives of modern Chinese literature included Lu Xun, Lao She, Ba Jin, Mao Dun, Ye Shengtao, Zhu Ziqing, Zhang Ailing, Shen Congwen, etc. Chinese contemporary literature refers to the literature from 1949 to the present, which reflects the achievements and challenges of the Chinese people in the economic and social changes after the reform and opening up. The main representatives of contemporary Chinese literature included Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingao, Liu Zhenyun, Zhou Guoping, Chen Zhongshi, Ernest Hemmingway, etc. In terms of style and subject matter, modern Chinese literature and contemporary Chinese literature also have different characteristics. Modern Chinese literature focuses on reflecting social reality and criticizing social systems, emphasizing individual and collective values, while contemporary Chinese literature pays more attention to expressing individual emotions and experiences, focusing on social change and human nature exploration. In addition, Chinese contemporary literature also showed the characteristics of variety and integration in the context of global and cultural multiculturalism.

Modern and contemporary Chinese literature works have a variety of expressions on gender issues. Some works emphasize men's courage, perseverance, and responsibility, while others focus on women's emotions, independence, and pursuit. For example, in novels such as " To Live," male characters were usually seen as tough, courageous, and responsible warriors, while female characters were portrayed as weak, helpless, and in need of male protection. The gender role of the male and female characters affected the development of Chinese literature and the acceptance of the audience to a certain extent. However, there were also some works that presented the theme of gender equality in different ways. For example, the female characters Xue Baochai and Lin Daiyu in Dream of the Red Chamber displayed an image of independence, autonomy, and wisdom, which formed a sharp contrast with the male character Jia Baoyu. In novels such as Golden Age, the female characters Wang Xiaobo and Golden Age showed their thoughts and independence, forming an equal and dialogue relationship with the male character Li Yinhe. The various manifestations of gender issues in modern and contemporary Chinese literature also reflected the gradual attention and progress of society towards gender equality.

The information on the history of modern and contemporary Chinese literature can be divided into the following parts: 1. Ancient Chinese literature history materials: includes literature materials from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, including poetry, prose, novels, operas, etc. This information could be obtained from libraries, museum, and other related institutions. 2. Modern Chinese Literature History Materials: Including the literature materials from the May Fourth Movement in 1919 to the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, including poetry, prose, novels, plays, etc. This information could be obtained from libraries, museum, and other related institutions. 3. Information on the history of contemporary Chinese literature: It includes literature from the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 to the present, including poetry, prose, novels, plays, etc. This information could be obtained from libraries, museum, and other related institutions. 4. Chinese literature research materials: It includes all kinds of materials on Chinese literature research, including academic papers, books, journals, etc. This information could be obtained from academic journals, libraries, archives, and other relevant institutions. 5. Materials on Chinese literary criticism: It includes all kinds of materials on Chinese literary criticism, including literary reviews and critical articles. This information could be obtained from academic journals, libraries, archives, and other relevant institutions. The above is an overview of the information on the history of modern and contemporary Chinese literature. The specific methods of obtaining information can be determined according to different research objects and needs.

Modern and contemporary Chinese literature includes many different literary schools and types of works, some of which include popular novels. Popular novels usually describe real life and people's daily lives in order to attract the attention and entertainment of the readers. They usually have simple language and plots, as well as a lot of humor and exaggeration. These novels were usually presented in the form of stories, poems, essays, etc. Some of them might even incorporate some cultural elements. The creation of popular novels in China could be traced back to ancient times, such as Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio and Dream of the Red Chamber. In modern popular novels, it was widely used and developed, such as classic masterpieces such as Water Margins, Journey to the West, and Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In addition to traditional popular novels, there were also some new popular novels such as White Night Journey, Startling Step by Step, and Ordinary World, which were widely welcomed by readers.

Chinese contemporary literature is an important part of Chinese literature. Realism and realism are the two main schools of Chinese contemporary literature. Realist literature focused on reflecting social reality, paying attention to people's lives, emphasizing the authenticity and profundity of the plot and characters. On the other hand, modern literature emphasized the uniqueness and artistry of literature, which was more focused on expressing the author's personal thoughts and emotions. The works of contemporary Chinese literature covered a wide range of fields such as novels, essays, poems, plays, movies, and so on. Among them, the novel was one of the main genre of contemporary Chinese literature, and a large number of classic works such as "Dream of the Red Chamber","Water Margins","Journey to the West","Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and so on. In the development of contemporary Chinese literature, there were also many such as Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingao, Mai Jia, etc. Their works had a wide influence in China and internationally. The contemporary Chinese literature has made great contributions in reflecting the social reality, expressing the author's feelings and thoughts, exploring the uniqueness of literature, and so on. It is an important part of Chinese literature.

Chinese contemporary literature refers to a literary phenomenon in the mainland of China, covering all literary writing from the 1980s to the present. The main schools of Chinese contemporary literature were: 1. Modern literature: The representative characters are Chen Zhongshi, Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, etc. Their works are mainly featured by realism and magical realism, depicting the complexity and humanity of contemporary Chinese society. 2. Modern novels: The representative characters include Ernest, Margaret Atwood, Calvino, etc. Their works explore contemporary social issues such as urban development, global development, political power, etc. 3. Poetry: The development of contemporary Chinese poetry can be traced back to the 1970s. The representative figures include Haizi, Yu Guangzhong, Beidao, etc. Their works reflect the emotions and state of mind of contemporary society. Prose: The development of Chinese contemporary prose began in the 1980s. The representative figures were Zhou Guoping, Zhu Ziqing, Lao She, etc. Their works presented the life and culture of contemporary China in the form of prose. The achievements and influence of contemporary Chinese literature were also attracting worldwide attention. His works not only reflected the social and cultural situation of contemporary China, but also deeply influenced the development of contemporary Chinese literature and world literature.

The answers to homework 4 on modern and contemporary Chinese literature are as follows: The achievements and characteristics of modern Chinese literature The achievements and characteristics of modern Chinese literature were as follows: Achievement: 1. Literature schools: Modern Chinese literature has gone through many different literary schools and periods such as realism, romanticism, modernism, post-modernism, etc. At the same time, there were also many outstanding people such as Lu Xun, Lao She, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Lao She, etc. 2. Literature development: The development of modern Chinese literature began in the 1920s, reached its peak in the 1950s, and then gradually declined in the 1970s. In this process, the form and content of literature had undergone tremendous changes. Special traits: 1. The combination of realism and realism: Modern Chinese literature began to accept the trend of thought of realism and realism in the 1920s, and later works showed the characteristics of this combination. 2. The relationship between literature and society: Modern Chinese literature not only reflects the reality of society, but also reflects the ideology, culture, politics and other situations of the society at that time. 3. The relationship between literature and politics: Modern Chinese literature developed under the influence of the political environment. Many works reflect the political and social situation at that time. The relationship between literature and economy: Modern Chinese literature also reflects the economic situation at that time, such as industry, agriculture, commerce, etc. The above is an analysis of the achievements and characteristics of modern Chinese literature. I hope it can help.

There are many authors of modern and contemporary Chinese literature. The following are some of the famous ones: 1 Lu Xun (1881 - 1936): An important representative of modern Chinese literature, known as the "pioneer of the literary revolution." His works included novels, essays, poems, and many other literary styles. His representative works included A Madman's Diary, The True Story of Ah Q, and Medicine. Lao She (1899 - 1966): An important figure in the history of modern Chinese literature, known as the founder of modern literature. His works included novels, plays, essays, and many other literary works such as Camel Xiangzi and Teahouse. 3. Shen Congwen (1912 - 1988): An important representative figure in the history of modern Chinese literature, known as "Border Town Literature". His works included novels, essays, poems, and many other literary styles. His representative works included "Border Town" and "Spring Silkworm". 4 Ba Jin (1914 - 1991): An important figure in the history of modern Chinese literature, known as the "outstanding representative of modern literature". His works include novels, essays, poems, and many other literary styles. His representative works include "Home","Spring","Autumn", etc. 5 Mo Yan (1955-): The representative of the new school in the history of modern Chinese literature is known as the representative of local literature. His works included novels, essays, poems, and many other literary styles. His representative works included "Red Soroliang Family" and "Fat Breasts and Buttocks". These were only a small portion of the famous contemporary Chinese literature. There were many other outstanding ones such as Jia Pingao, Yu Hua, Liu Zhenyun, and so on.

The image of leftover women often appears in modern and contemporary Chinese literature, especially in modern urban novels. Leftover women usually referred to unmarried, older, single women. They had encountered many pressures and challenges in life, but they were still strong and brave enough to face the challenges of the future. In Chinese literature, the image of leftover women appeared more frequently, such as Lin Daiyu in "Dream of the Red Chamber", Ye Lin in "Men and Women in the City", Wu Yao in "Song of the Leftover Women", etc. Through portraying the image of leftover women, these works explored the various pressures and challenges women faced in modern society, while also reflecting society's expectations and prejudices towards women. Although the image of leftover women often appeared in Chinese literature, the image in literary works was not the same as the real state of leftover women in real society. In reality, the problem of leftover women has become a global social problem. Many women are facing the pressure and challenges of marriage and family, and they need the support and attention of society.

The examination subjects for modern and contemporary Chinese literature usually included language, literary history, analysis of literary works, creation research, and so on. The specific content of the exam may vary according to different schools and examination institutions. It is recommended that you read the relevant exam notes and exam outlines carefully before preparing for the exam. You should also refer to multiple sources of information to obtain the most accurate answers.