Enumerate the five major theoretical schools of western postmodern literary theory

There are many important representatives and works in different stages of Western literary theory. The following are some examples: 1. Ancient Greek literary theory: works by Aristocle, Homer, Platoto, and Aristocle's Metaphysical, Moral, and Political Science; (2) medieval literary theory: Ptolemy, Epictetus, Russell, Diderot, and St. Thomas Aqinas's General Theory of Theology, Principles of Philosophy, and On the Origin and Foundation of Human Inequality; 3. Renaissance literary theory: works of art and cultural theories by William Shakespeare, cervantes (The Poet, Don Quijote, Hamlet, etc.), Michelangelo, and Raphael; 4. 18th-century literary theory: Goethe (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz), Kant (Immanuel Kant), and Hegel (Simone de Beauvoir)'s philosophical thoughts and literary theories; 5. 19th-century literary theory: the literary works and thoughts of Georges Hegel, Nietzsche, Voltaire, Hugo, Dickens, and Maurpassant; 6. 20th-century literary theory: Kafka, Marquez, Ernest, Faulkner, and Mo Yan's literary works and thoughts; 7 Modern literary theory: Huxley (Herbert Blumer), Jean-Paul Sartre (Jean-Paul Sartre), Calvino (Italian, philosopher, cultural critic) literary theory; 8. Modern literary theory: Karl Mars, Nietzsche, Deluze's cultural theory, Post-structuralism, etc.

There are many differences between ancient Chinese literary theory and western literary theory. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the beauty and artistry of literary forms such as poetry, prose, and novels, while Western literary theory paid more attention to the social, political, or cultural significance of literary works. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the relationship between literature and society, history, politics and other real worlds, while western literary theory paid more attention to emotions and experiences. 3. Ancient Chinese literary theory paid attention to the structure and plot design of literary works, while Western literary theory paid more attention to the narrative techniques, character creation and theme discussion of novels. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the uniqueness and uniqueness of literature, while Western literary theory emphasized the universeness and template of literature. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the critical and reflective function of literature, while Western literary theory paid more attention to the revelation and discussion of human nature, society and history in literary works. There are differences between ancient Chinese literary theory and western literary theory in literary form, literary theme, literary creation method, etc. These differences reflect the understanding and pursuit of literature under different cultural backgrounds.

There were four major schools of thought in psychology, namely, ethology, cognitism, humanism, and Existentialism. The main difference between them lies in the understanding and explanation of psychological processes, sources of knowledge, cognitive structures, and values. According to the doctrine of behaviour, human behaviour is caused by external stimulus, and the intensity, frequency and timing of the stimulus determine human behaviour. Therefore, the study of behavior can be achieved by controlling external stimulus. Cognitists believed that people's thoughts, knowledge, values, and other psychological activities were determined by internal factors rather than caused by external stimulation. Therefore, cognitists emphasized the study of internal factors such as thinking, knowledge, and values. Humanism believes that human dignity and value are the central issues of human beings. Human beings should focus on self-realization and self-improvement. Humanism emphasized the study of individual psychological needs and values. Existentialism believes that the existence of human beings is based on free choice, and the value of human beings is determined by the free will of individual choices and actions. Therefore, Existentialism emphasized the study of individual free will and values. In contrast, humanists and Existentialists paid more attention to the subjective experience and values of individuals, while ethologists and cognitists paid more attention to the nature of human behavior and the influence of external stimulation.

The three major theoretical schools of sociology are: doctrine, sociological positivistic, and theoretical structuralism. The theory of the school of Marxian theory is an important school of sociological theory. Its basic idea is "historical realism", which believes that society is the objective reflection of material existence, and the development of society is determined by the interaction and influence of economic foundation and the upper structure. The main characteristics of the school of theory of the theory of the The theory of sociological positivistic theory was a sociological theory that attached importance to the study of positivistic research and the laws of social reality. Its main idea was that "positivistic" believed that only by doing positive research could a real scientific conclusion be drawn. Theory must be linked to reality for positive research to verify or overthrow the theory. The main characteristics of sociological positivistic theory include: emphasizing the importance of positive research, emphasizing the validity of theory, and thinking that theory must be connected with reality for positive research. The theory of theoretical construction is a sociological theory that values the free creation and construction of theories. Its main idea was that "structuralism" believed that theory was the creation and explanation of reality by human beings, and that theory was formed in the process of continuous development and evolution. The main characteristics of the theory of theoretical construction include: emphasizing the free creation of theory and the significance of theoretical construction, paying attention to the historical and cultural background of theory, and believing that theory is constantly developing and evolving. The difference between the three schools of theory was that the school of theory of the Marxists mainly focused on the objective and materialistic nature of society, emphasizing the regularity and universal nature of the development of social history; the school of theory of sociological positivistic theory mainly focused on the positive research and the law of social reality, emphasizing the validity of theory; the school of theory of theory construction mainly focused on the free creation of theory and the significance of theoretical construction, emphasizing the historical and cultural background of theory and the significance of continuous development and evolution of theory.

The history and theory of Chinese literature is an important field in the study of Chinese literature. There are many famous postgraduate schools in China, and the following are some of them: Peking University: Peking University is one of the most famous comprehensive universities in China. Its literary research and education level are also very high. Peking University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature covers the history of Chinese literature and various fields of literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. 2 Tsinghua University: Tsinghua University is one of the top science and engineering universities in China, but its literary research and education cannot be ignored. Tsinghua University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature also covered various fields of Chinese literary history and literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. 3 Fudan University: Fudan University is a comprehensive university in China with a high level of literary research and education. Fudan University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature covers the history of Chinese literature and various fields of literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong University: Shanghai Jiao Tong University is one of the top science and engineering universities in China, but its literary research and education cannot be ignored. Shanghai Jiao Tong University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature also covered various fields of Chinese literary history and literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. Nanjing University: Nanjing University is a comprehensive university in China with a high level of literary research and education. The postgraduate course of Chinese Literature at Nanjing University covers various fields of Chinese literary history and literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. These are just a small portion of the schools that offer Chinese literary history and literary theory. Of course, there are many other schools that also provide relevant courses and training. The choice of school was also based on personal interests, professional background, and goals.

The five major tasks of literary theory are to analyze the structure, theme, characters, plot, and language of literary works. These tasks constituted the basic framework of literary theory. At the same time, literary theory also involves various possibilities of literary phenomena, including the historical development of literature, the relationship between literature and society, the cultural significance of literary works, and so on. When analyzing literary works, the five major tasks of literary theory will interweave and form a complex network. For example, when analyzing the structure of a novel, it might involve the analysis of the theme and plot, as well as the evaluation of the characters and language. Similarly, when discussing the theme of a literary work, one also needed to consider its structure and language. In the analysis of literary works, different forms may have different emphases. For example, when discussing the plot of a novel, one might pay attention to the interactions, conflicts, and transformations between the characters. When discussing the theme of a literary work, one might pay attention to its enlightenment to human experience, reflection on history and society, and so on. These forms may occur in different literary theories and may also be influenced by different literary experiences and cultural backgrounds.

The five basic schools of western modernism were: 1. Realist literature: emphasizing the direct experience and authenticity of social reality and human life, paying attention to the details and structure of characters and events, and paying attention to logic and objectively. 2. Symbolism literature: Through symbols and symbols to explore the human heart and spiritual world, emphasizing the symbolism and abstractness of language, pursuing the transcendence and freedom of language. 3. Modern literature: Oppose the structure and language patterns of traditional literature and explore new literary forms and language styles, including expressionism, futurism, symbolism, expressionism-symbolism, etc. 4. Postmodern literature: It is a response to modern literature and cultural criticism, emphasizing the historical and complex nature of literature and culture, and exploring the deep meaning of modern social and cultural phenomena. 5. feminism literature: focusing on women's experience and rights, exploring the relationship between women and society, culture and men, as well as the role and role of women in literature.

The influence of western literary theory on Chinese literature is mainly reflected in two aspects: literary criticism and literary creation. 1. In the aspect of literary criticism, Western literary theory has influenced the way of criticism of Chinese literature. In the traditional Chinese literary criticism, the critics often emphasize it, while the western literary theory pays more attention to it. This kind of criticism had influenced the study and creation of Chinese literature to a certain extent. The influence of western literary theory on literary creation is also reflected in the exploration of literary forms and styles. Chinese literature usually focuses on traditional narrative methods and emotional expressions, while Western literary theory pays more attention to modern literary forms such as modernness and expressionism. The exploration of this literary form had an impact on the creation of Chinese literature, which prompted Chinese literature to explore a broader field of literature. It should be noted that the influence of Western literary theory on Chinese literature is two-way and has also produced some negative effects. For example, the influence of Western literary theory made Chinese literature pay more attention to form and technique and ignore it.

Modern literary achievements are very rich. The following are some of the important achievements: 1. Science fiction: The achievements of modern science fiction are very significant. Many works put forward profound thoughts on the exploration of the future of mankind. For example, the " Three-Body Problem " series, the " Galaxy Empire " series, and " Ball Lightning " series depicted the challenges and opportunities that mankind might face in the future. 2. Horror novels: Modern horror novels have also made great achievements in attracting many readers through vivid descriptions and thrilling plots. For example, Alien, Dark Matter, and The Curse had become classic horror novels. 3. Wuxia novels: The achievements of modern wuxia novels are also very significant. Many works have attracted many readers through their unique styles and plots. For example, Jin Yong's Collection, Gu Long's Collection, Liang Yusheng's Collection, and other works had become treasures of Chinese literature. Poetry: The achievements of modern poetry are also very important. Many works express human emotions and thoughts through beautiful language and profound thinking. For example, Haizi, Facing the Sea, Spring Flowers Blossoms, and Memories of the Past at Night had become classics of Chinese literature. 5. Prose: The achievements of modern prose are also very significant. It can express human thoughts and emotions through concise and beautiful language. For example, Lu Xun, Moonlight over the Lotus Pond, and Happy Rain on a Spring Night had become classics of modern Chinese literature. These literary achievements are very important. They not only reflect the development and changes of modern Chinese literature, but also express the pursuit and thinking of mankind for a better future.

The main schools of postmodern philosophy include: 1. Nihilism: Believes that the real world has no meaning and value, and that humans will eventually fall into nothingness and despair. Existentialism: The belief that the meaning of human existence depends on individual choices and actions, and that individuals must be responsible for their own lives. 3. Culturalism: Believes that culture is created and constructed by human beings, and that human thoughts and behaviors are determined by cultural factors. 4. Criticize of the modern: The belief that the modern is a negative, outdated, and meaningless form of culture that must be criticized and replaced. 5. Nihilism-Modern criticism: The belief that nihilism and modern criticism are interconnected. The latter is a negative and meaningless cultural form, while the former is a criticism of the former. 6 Postmodernism: The belief that modernism is a negative and meaningless cultural form. Postmodernism is a criticism and challenge to modernism. These schools all had different philosophical views and research methods, but their common feature was that they emphasized the negative significance of nihilism and modernness, as well as the consideration and exploration of human existence and value.