There was an American named William Henry Thoreau who became one of the most famous independent philosophers of the 20th century with his self-improvement lifestyle and way of thinking. Hawthorne was born in a peasant family in the south of the United States, but he showed a strong interest in literature and philosophy since he was young. He had participated in the American Revolutionary War in his youth but was forced to retire after being injured in the war. After that, he began a long journey of self-study. Through reading, writing, and traveling, he began to explore the meaning of his life and the way he existed. Hawthorne achieved great success in literary creation. His literary works included The Catcher in the Rye, On the Road and Walden Pond. His literary works emphasized individual freedom and independent thinking, but also paid attention to social reality and the meaning of human existence. Hawthorne's lifestyle also reflected his spirit of self-improvement. He didn't like to be bound to fixed social situations. Instead, he liked to travel, write, and think alone. He believed that he could only achieve his dreams and goals through self-improvement. Hawthorne's way of life and work was widely praised. He was hailed as "the symbol of American independent thought" and "a milestone in American literature." His spirit of self-improvement and independent thinking had a profound impact on later literature, philosophy and social movements.