Metaphor, personification, and parallel were commonly used rhetorical devices in literature. Their formulas were as follows: Metaphor: A (noumenon)B(vehicle) = C(vehicle) For example, the sun is red, the moon is silver, the flowers are yellow, the grass is green. [Humanoid: A (Body)B(Humanoid) = C(Humanoid)] For example, mice are smart, cats are flexible, dogs are loyal, birds are beautiful. Parallel: A (noumenon)B(parallel sentence) = C(parallel sentence) For example, we walk, run, and jump toward success. We stand, sit, and lie down to enjoy the beauty of life.