" Records of the Historian " was a historical biography written by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. It was regarded as a classic work of ancient Chinese history books and one of the important documents in the history of Chinese literature. The literary achievements of Records of the Historian were mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. Precise structure: Records of the Historian uses the biographical structure to record the deeds of various dynasties and figures in a temporal order with historical events as clues. This kind of well-structured and orderly narrative made the Records of the Historian a history book with great literary value. 2. Vivid characters: The Records of the Historian described the images of many historical figures such as Confucius, Mozi, Li Si and other ideologists such as Han Xin, Xiang Yu, Liu Bang and other military strategists, as well as the monarchs and ministers of the Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty and other dynasties. These characters were vivid, full of distinctive personality characteristics and profound thoughts, which became an important material for later literary and artistic creation. 3. Elegant language: The Records of the Historian uses a lot of metaphor, symbolism, contrast and other rhetorical devices. The language is smooth, simple, vivid and expressive. At the same time, it also used some Greek and Latin-based vocabulary to make the language more international, which had a far-reaching impact on later literary translation and philology. 4. The influence on later literature: The Records of the Historian is not only a history book with literary value, but also a cultural heritage that has been passed down for thousands of years. It had a far-reaching influence not only on Chinese literature, culture, and history, but also on global literature, culture, and history. Later generations of literary artists, historians, cultural scholars, and so on could draw nutrition and enrich their own knowledge and creative inspiration from the Records of the Historian.