What are the characteristics of the way of thinking in ancient Chinese literary theory?

Ancient Chinese literary theory had the following characteristics: 1. Pay attention to literary tradition: Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the importance of literary tradition and believed that literature should inherit and develop traditional culture. This tradition included literary forms such as poetry, prose, and novels, as well as schools of thought such as Confucianism, Taoism, and Mohism. 2. It emphasized the relationship between literature and society. Ancient Chinese literary theory believed that literature should reflect and criticize social reality. This relationship was reflected in literary works such as "Dream of the Red Chamber","Water Margins" and other novels, as well as "The Analects of Confucius","Mencius" and other classic works. 3. Pay attention to the formal beauty of literature: Ancient Chinese literary theory believes that the formal beauty of literature is very important, including rhythm, rhythm, diction and so on. This pursuit of formal beauty made ancient Chinese literature reach a very high level of art. 4. Pay attention to the historical and evolutionary nature of literature: Ancient Chinese literary theory believes that literature is a process of historical evolution. Different times and cultural backgrounds will have different literary forms and literary concepts. This historical and evolutionary nature made the ancient Chinese literary theory have a strong research value. 5. Pay attention to the practicality of literature: Ancient Chinese literary theory believes that literature can be used not only as a tool for academic research but also as a practical tool, such as the divination method in the Book of Changes and the poetry creation method in the Book of Songs. This kind of practicality makes the ancient Chinese literary theory not only have academic value but also practical value.

There are many differences between ancient Chinese literary theory and western literary theory. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the beauty and artistry of literary forms such as poetry, prose, and novels, while Western literary theory paid more attention to the social, political, or cultural significance of literary works. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the relationship between literature and society, history, politics and other real worlds, while western literary theory paid more attention to emotions and experiences. 3. Ancient Chinese literary theory paid attention to the structure and plot design of literary works, while Western literary theory paid more attention to the narrative techniques, character creation and theme discussion of novels. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the uniqueness and uniqueness of literature, while Western literary theory emphasized the universeness and template of literature. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the critical and reflective function of literature, while Western literary theory paid more attention to the revelation and discussion of human nature, society and history in literary works. There are differences between ancient Chinese literary theory and western literary theory in literary form, literary theme, literary creation method, etc. These differences reflect the understanding and pursuit of literature under different cultural backgrounds.

The ancient Chinese literary theory occupied an important position in the history of Chinese literature with its rich ideas and unique aesthetic value. The following are the characteristics of ancient Chinese literary theory: 1. Pay attention to the humanist spirit of literature: Ancient Chinese literary theory believes that literature should pay attention to social reality, reflect social reality and guide social change. Under the influence of this thought, ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the humanist spirit of literature and advocated literature to serve the people. 2. emphasize the artistic quality of literature: ancient Chinese literary theory believes that literature is an art form and should pursue beauty and perfection. Under the influence of this thought, ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the artistic nature of literature and advocated the artistic nature and creativity of literature. 3. Pay attention to the intension and extension of literary works: Ancient Chinese literary theory believes that literary works should have intension and extension, that is, not only to reflect social life but also to have a certain cultural significance. Under the influence of this thought, ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the meaning and extension of literary works and advocated in-depth study and interpretation of literary works. 4. Pay attention to the historical value of literary works: Ancient Chinese literary theory believes that literary works have historical value and should make a reasonable evaluation of history. Under the influence of this thought, ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the historical value of literary works and advocated historical research and evaluation of literary works. 5. Pay attention to the literariness of literary works: Ancient Chinese literary theory believes that literary works should have literariness, that is, not only should they reflect social life but also have a certain artistic value. Under the influence of this thought, ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the literariness of literary works and advocated literary research and evaluation of literary works.

The masterpiece of Chinese literary theory was Dream of the Red Chamber. 'Dream of the Red Chamber' was a classic work of Chinese classical novels and also a masterpiece of Chinese literary theory. Its literary value, artistic achievements and cultural significance have a far-reaching impact on the history of Chinese culture. "Dream of the Red Chamber" used the rise and fall of the Jia, Shi, Wang, and Xue families as the main line to show the miniature of a huge feudal dynasty. The novel takes the love story of "Jia Baoyu" and "Lin Daiyu" as the main line. Through the description of the four families of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue, it shows the various ills of feudal society, reveals the ugliness and beauty of human nature, and shows the profound meaning of Chinese traditional culture. Dream of the Red Chamber not only achieved great artistic achievements but also made important contributions to literary theory. The characters, plot, structure, language and other aspects of the novel all contained profound literary theory and ideology. For example, the characters in the novel adopted the characteristics and personalities of the characters in the "Four Great Families" to show the living conditions and psychological states of the characters of different classes. At the same time, the narrative method and language usage in the novel also have unique literary theories and thoughts. 'Dream of the Red Chamber' was a classic in the history of Chinese literature and also a masterpiece of Chinese literary theory. It made an important contribution to the development and prosperity of Chinese literature and had a profound impact on the study of Chinese literary theory.

The one that symbolized the establishment of a complete system of ancient Chinese literary theory and literary criticism should be Dream of the Red Chamber. Dream of the Red Chamber is a masterpiece in the history of ancient Chinese literature. It is not only a literary work, but also a classic work of literary theory and criticism. Through the analysis of the characters, plots, and theme of the Dream of the Red Chamber, it put forward many literary theories and critical views, making an important contribution to the development of ancient Chinese literary theory and literary criticism. In addition, the development of ancient Chinese literary theory and literary criticism was also influenced by other literary works such as The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Songs, and The Songs of Chu.

The classification of literary works discussed in ancient Chinese literary theory works included but was not limited to the following works: 1 Wen Xin Diao Long: A literary theory work by Liu Xie that believes that literary works can be classified according to different standards, including ideology, artistry, style, etc. The Book of Songs: The earliest collection of poems in ancient China. It contains a large number of poems. When classified according to different standards, it includes lyric poems, narrative poems, argumentative poems, etc. 3. The Analects of Confucius: A classic work by Confucius and his disciples. The works are classified according to different standards, including political essays, moral articles, and essays. 4. Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals: A philosophical work from the Warring States Period. It classified works according to different standards, including political papers, historical papers, moral articles, etc. 5 " Dream of the Red Chamber ": The Qing Dynasty classified works according to different standards, including love novels, historical novels, immortal novels, etc.

The history and theory of Chinese literature is an important field in the study of Chinese literature. There are many famous postgraduate schools in China, and the following are some of them: Peking University: Peking University is one of the most famous comprehensive universities in China. Its literary research and education level are also very high. Peking University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature covers the history of Chinese literature and various fields of literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. 2 Tsinghua University: Tsinghua University is one of the top science and engineering universities in China, but its literary research and education cannot be ignored. Tsinghua University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature also covered various fields of Chinese literary history and literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. 3 Fudan University: Fudan University is a comprehensive university in China with a high level of literary research and education. Fudan University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature covers the history of Chinese literature and various fields of literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong University: Shanghai Jiao Tong University is one of the top science and engineering universities in China, but its literary research and education cannot be ignored. Shanghai Jiao Tong University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature also covered various fields of Chinese literary history and literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. Nanjing University: Nanjing University is a comprehensive university in China with a high level of literary research and education. The postgraduate course of Chinese Literature at Nanjing University covers various fields of Chinese literary history and literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. These are just a small portion of the schools that offer Chinese literary history and literary theory. Of course, there are many other schools that also provide relevant courses and training. The choice of school was also based on personal interests, professional background, and goals.

The reader's acceptance of literary theory has the following characteristics: 1. The literary theory is objective: the reader accepts the literary theory based on the objective understanding of the facts rather than subjective prejudice or personal feelings. Therefore, literary theory must be based on objective facts and theories and be able to accurately describe and explain various phenomena and problems. 2. Practicality: readers accept literary theory in order to obtain practical help and guidance. Therefore, literary theory must take into account the reader's life and work needs to provide practical information and suggestions. 3. The literary theory should be open to the readers. This means that the literary theory should allow the readers to criticize and question the theories and opinions, and should encourage the readers to understand various phenomena and problems through thinking and exploration. Compared with traditional literary theory, readers 'acceptance of literary theory has the following characteristics: 1. The literary theory is more objective and practical: The literary theory is more objective and practical, focusing on the accuracy and practicality of facts and theories to provide readers with useful information and suggestions. 2. The literary theory is more open: the readers are more open to the literary theory. The readers are encouraged to understand various phenomena and problems through thinking and exploration instead of just accepting traditional views and theories. 3. Literature theory pays more attention to practice: readers accept literature theory, which pays more attention to practice and provides practical help and guidance to help readers better deal with problems in life and work.

In the history of Chinese literary theory and criticism, the first literary theory book with a strict system was Wen Xin Diao Long.

The influence of western literary theory on Chinese literature is mainly reflected in two aspects: literary criticism and literary creation. 1. In the aspect of literary criticism, Western literary theory has influenced the way of criticism of Chinese literature. In the traditional Chinese literary criticism, the critics often emphasize it, while the western literary theory pays more attention to it. This kind of criticism had influenced the study and creation of Chinese literature to a certain extent. The influence of western literary theory on literary creation is also reflected in the exploration of literary forms and styles. Chinese literature usually focuses on traditional narrative methods and emotional expressions, while Western literary theory pays more attention to modern literary forms such as modernness and expressionism. The exploration of this literary form had an impact on the creation of Chinese literature, which prompted Chinese literature to explore a broader field of literature. It should be noted that the influence of Western literary theory on Chinese literature is two-way and has also produced some negative effects. For example, the influence of Western literary theory made Chinese literature pay more attention to form and technique and ignore it.