How Steel Was Tempered was a novella by Ostrovsky of the Soviet Union, first published in 1932. The novel mainly tells the story of the growth and struggle of the Soviet steel workers in the 1920s. The main character of the story, Pavel Kochagin, was born in a factory of the Soviet Steel Industry Company. Under difficult circumstances, he gradually grew into an excellent steel worker and revolutionary. In the struggle between the factory workers and capitalists, Kochagin showed extraordinary perseverance and courage and finally became the leader of the working class. The novel showed the true face of the Soviet society, depicting the scenes of workers struggling under difficult conditions, emphasizing the theme of individual and collective, labor and love, frustration and tenacity. At the same time, the novel also reflected some deep-seated problems in the Soviet society, such as the division of rich and poor, bureaucracy, and abuse of power. The novel had been translated into many languages and had a wide readership and profound social influence around the world.