The main differences between Northern and Southern European art during the Renaissance could be summarized as follows: Style: The Renaissance was an important period in the history of European art. The art of North and South Europe was influenced by this period. However, Northern European art emphasized realism and naturalism, while Southern European art emphasized humanism and subjective emotions. The artistic works of the Renaissance covered many different subjects, including history, religion, nature, and humanity. Northern European works of art focused more on historical and religious subjects such as historical paintings and religious paintings, while Southern European works of art focused more on natural and cultural subjects such as landscape paintings and portraits. 3. Art expression: The art works of the Renaissance paid more attention to the spirit and emotions of the characters, emphasizing the shape and movements of the human body. At the same time, they used many techniques such as perspective and light and shadow. Northern European art works paid more attention to the landscape and the natural environment, emphasizing the details and forms of nature, while using many methods such as light and shadow. 4. Artists: Artists in the Renaissance came from a wide range of sources, including nobles, monks, merchants, craftsmen, etc. As a result, the artists in Northern and Southern Europe had different cultural backgrounds and artistic styles. Northern European artists mostly came from nobles and monks who paid more attention to realism and naturalism, while Southern European artists came from merchants and craftsmen who paid more attention to humanism and subjective emotions.