What were the literary trends in modern and contemporary Chinese literature? What was the historical and political reason behind this?

There are many literary trends and schools in modern and contemporary Chinese literature. The following are some of the more famous ones: 1. New literature trend: After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the new literature trend began to rise. It used the guiding ideology of the doctrine of Confucianism to emphasize the role of realistic literature and the literature of the working class, and advocated literature to serve the people. 2. Modern literature: From the 1950s to the 1970s, modern literature became the mainstream of Chinese literature. It emphasized the realism and the nature of the literature, but also focused on the performance of social reality and people's lives. 3. Modern literature: From the late 1970s to the early 1980s, contemporary literature began to rise. It focuses on reflecting real life and human nature, emphasizing the realism and authenticity of literature, as well as social criticism and human nature exploration. 4. New realism literature: From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, new realism literature rose. It reflected the social reality with a true, objective and calm attitude, focusing on describing the inner world and emotional experience of the characters. 5. Modern literature: Modern literature rose from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. It emphasized the freedom of literature and the expression of personal feelings and life experiences. 6. Fantasy novels: In recent years, fantasy novels have become the new favorite of Chinese literature. It focuses on fantasy and fantasy as the theme, focusing on the psychological and destiny changes of the characters, and is deeply loved by young people. Online literature: With the popularity of the Internet, online literature has become a new form of literature. It focuses on the development of plots and the setting of characters with the theme of online language and online culture. It is deeply loved by young people. This is only a small part of the literary trends and schools of thought in modern and contemporary Chinese literature. There are many other schools and trends of thought such as realism literature, ancient literature, foreign literature, and so on.

There are many research directions in modern and contemporary Chinese literature. The following are some of the main research directions: 1. Modern Chinese Literature: Study the history, literary schools, and representation of modern Chinese literature. 2. Chinese contemporary literature: study the development of Chinese contemporary literature, literary schools, and representation. 3. contemporary realism literature: study the development of contemporary realism literature, literary schools, and representation. 4. Modern literature: study the development, genre, and representation of modern literature. 5. Modern Magic Realism Literature: Study the development, literary genre, and representation of modern Magic Realism literature. 6. Modern Women's Literature: Study the development, literary schools, and representation of modern women's literature. 7. contemporary literature and society: study the relationship between contemporary literature and society, and explore the reflection and influence of literature on social reality. 8. Literature translation and globe: Studying the influence of literature translation and globe on Chinese literature. 9. Literature Tradition and History: Studying the inheritance and development of Chinese literature tradition and history. These are just a part of the research direction of modern and contemporary Chinese literature. There are many other research directions, and the specific research content will vary according to different disciplines and institutions.

The research direction of modern and contemporary Chinese literature is very broad. The following are some of the main research directions: Realist literature: Take Shanghai literature as an example. Realist literature was a popular literary school that began in the 1920s. It emphasized social reality and the representation of human nature. Mao Dun, Lao She, etc. 2. Modern literature: Modern literature was a literary school that began in the 1930s, emphasizing the innovation of literary forms and structures, Yeats, Proust, etc. 3. Romanticism literature: Romanticism literature was a literary school that began in the 1940s that emphasized emotion and personality representation, Shu Ting, Ba Jin, etc. 4. Realism and Romanticism Comprehensive Literature: A literary school that began to appear in the 1980s that emphasized the integration and representation of realism and romanticism, Mo Yan, etc. 5. New Realism Literature: A literary school that has emerged in recent years that emphasized the representation of reality and realism, Yu Hua, Marquez, etc. 6. The relationship between literature and society: to study the relationship between literature and society, to explore the influence and role of literature on society, Chen Zhongshi. 7. The relationship between literature and history: to study the relationship between literature and history, to explore the historical elements and the representation of historical events in literary works, Zhu Ziqing, etc. These are just a part of the research direction of modern and contemporary Chinese literature. There are many other research directions, and each research direction has its own unique research methods and thesis writing methods.

Modern Chinese literature refers to a series of literary works created under the influence of various literary trends such as realism, symbolism, expressionism, etc. since the May Fourth Movement in 1919. The following are some famous modern and contemporary Chinese literature: 1 Lu Xun (1881-1936): His representative works include A Madman's Diary, The True Story of Ah Q, New Stories, etc. 2. Lao She (1899-1966): His representative works include Camel Xiangzi and Teahouse. 3. Ba Jin (1904-1971): His representative works include Home, Spring, Autumn, etc. 4. Shen Congwen (1912-1966): Representative works include Border Town, Spring Silkworm, etc. 5. Ding Ling (1910-1966): Her representative works include The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River and Marriage. 6. Qian Zhongshu (1897-1974): Representative works include Fortress Besieged, Cat City, etc. 7 Zhang Ailing (1924-1995): Her representative works include Red Rose and White Rose, Legend, etc. This also showed the rich content of modern Chinese culture.

There are many films adapted from modern and contemporary Chinese literature. The following are some of the famous ones: 1 "Alive"-Zhang Yimou's film adapted from Yu Hua's novel of the same name. 2 Farewell My Concubine-The film directed by Chen Kaige was adapted from Guan Hanqing's play of the same name. 3." Water Margins "-The film directed by Ang Lee was adapted from the novel of the same name by Shi Naian. [4]"Dream of the Red Chamber"-Cao Xueqin's film was adapted from Gao E's novel of the same name. 5. Journey to the West-The film directed by Stephen Chou was adapted from Wu Chengen's novel of the same name. 6 The Scholars-Zhang Yimou's film adaptation of You Dong's novel of the same name. 7 " Ordinary World "-The film directed by Lu Yao was adapted from Liu Zhenyun's novel of the same name. 8 Alive-Zhang Yimou's film adapted from Yu Hua's novel of the same name. 9. My Leader, My Regiment. The film directed by Jiang Wen was adapted from Zhang Zao's novel of the same name. These are just a few of the many outstanding works of modern and contemporary Chinese literature that have been adapted into movies that are worth watching.

There are many modern and contemporary Chinese literary works that have been adapted into movies. The following are some examples: Alive: adapted from Yu Hua's novel of the same name, directed by Zhang Yimou, and starred by Ge You and Gong Li. " Red Soroliang ": adapted from Mo Yan's novel of the same name. Directed by Zhang Yimou, Jiang Wen, Gong Li, etc. Tuina, adapted from Bi Feiyu's novel of the same name, directed by Lou Ye, with Guo Xiaodong and Qin Hao as the main actors. " White Deer Plain ": adapted from Chen Zhongshi's novel of the same name. Directed by Wang Quanan, Zhang Fengyi, Gong Li, etc. " The Great Gold Robbery Case ", adapted from Mo Yan's " The Four Golden Robbery Case ", directed by Ning Hao, with Lei Jiayin and Tao Hong as the main actors. " White Sun Flames ": adapted from Diao Yinan's novel " A Sea of People ", directed by Diao Yinan, and starred by Liao Fan, Gui Lunmei, etc. Fanghua: adapted from Yan Geling's novel You Touched Me, directed by Feng Xiaogang, starred by Huang Xuan and Miao Miao. " Tiny Times ": adapted from Guo Jingming's novel of the same name. Directed by Guo Jingming, Yang Mi, Guo Caijie, etc.

The information on the history of modern and contemporary Chinese literature can be divided into the following parts: 1. Ancient Chinese literature history materials: includes literature materials from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, including poetry, prose, novels, operas, etc. This information could be obtained from libraries, museum, and other related institutions. 2. Modern Chinese Literature History Materials: Including the literature materials from the May Fourth Movement in 1919 to the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, including poetry, prose, novels, plays, etc. This information could be obtained from libraries, museum, and other related institutions. 3. Information on the history of contemporary Chinese literature: It includes literature from the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 to the present, including poetry, prose, novels, plays, etc. This information could be obtained from libraries, museum, and other related institutions. 4. Chinese literature research materials: It includes all kinds of materials on Chinese literature research, including academic papers, books, journals, etc. This information could be obtained from academic journals, libraries, archives, and other relevant institutions. 5. Materials on Chinese literary criticism: It includes all kinds of materials on Chinese literary criticism, including literary reviews and critical articles. This information could be obtained from academic journals, libraries, archives, and other relevant institutions. The above is an overview of the information on the history of modern and contemporary Chinese literature. The specific methods of obtaining information can be determined according to different research objects and needs.

The shortcoming of Chinese contemporary literature was that it lacked sufficient international influence and a wide audience. Although contemporary Chinese literature has an important position in the history of Chinese literature, its influence and audience are still small compared to other international literature. This may be due to the influence of the political and social environment in the past few decades, as well as the influence brought about by the rapid development of global and information technology. Chinese contemporary literature also faced some challenges and restrictions. For example, some important literary works could not be publicly published or released in China due to censoring and restrictions, which also limited readers 'understanding and acceptance of literary works. In addition, the transformation of Chinese literature is also facing challenges, such as how to balance the relationship between tradition and modern, nationality and foreign, literature and technology, and how to maintain the uniqueness and autonomy of literature in the context of global and information. The development of contemporary Chinese literature still faces many opportunities and challenges. It needs constant exploration and innovation to expand its influence and audience and improve its literary quality and level.

Modern Chinese literature and contemporary Chinese literature are two different literary schools and historical periods. Modern Chinese literature was developed from 1919 to 1949. It mainly reflected the pain and challenges experienced by the Chinese people in the national crisis and class struggle since modern times, including literature, art, thought and so on. The main representatives of modern Chinese literature included Lu Xun, Lao She, Ba Jin, Mao Dun, Ye Shengtao, Zhu Ziqing, Zhang Ailing, Shen Congwen, etc. Chinese contemporary literature refers to the literature from 1949 to the present, which reflects the achievements and challenges of the Chinese people in the economic and social changes after the reform and opening up. The main representatives of contemporary Chinese literature included Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingao, Liu Zhenyun, Zhou Guoping, Chen Zhongshi, Ernest Hemmingway, etc. In terms of style and subject matter, modern Chinese literature and contemporary Chinese literature also have different characteristics. Modern Chinese literature focuses on reflecting social reality and criticizing social systems, emphasizing individual and collective values, while contemporary Chinese literature pays more attention to expressing individual emotions and experiences, focusing on social change and human nature exploration. In addition, Chinese contemporary literature also showed the characteristics of variety and integration in the context of global and cultural multiculturalism.

The examination subjects for modern and contemporary Chinese literature usually included language, literary history, analysis of literary works, creation research, and so on. The specific content of the exam may vary according to different schools and examination institutions. It is recommended that you read the relevant exam notes and exam outlines carefully before preparing for the exam. You should also refer to multiple sources of information to obtain the most accurate answers.