The Records of the Historian was an important historical book in ancient China. It recorded various historical events and figures from the Xia Dynasty to the Han Dynasty. The biographies were one of the most important parts of historical records. They recorded the life stories, personality characteristics, and their influence on society, politics, culture, and so on. Studying the biographies in historical records can help us better understand the customs, political systems, cultural habits of ancient society, and also deepen our understanding of historical events. In order to obtain more accurate and comprehensive historical information, it is necessary to pay attention to the comprehensive study of historical documents and archaeological evidence when studying biographies in historical records.