What were the social and economic foundations formed by the mainstream forms of literature in the Tang and Song Dynasties? What was the connection between them?

Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties were the mainstream of literature. In the Tang Dynasty, poetry was the mainstream of literature, and poetry creation flourished, forming the Tang poetry school represented by poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi. In the Song Dynasty, the development of novels flourished and formed four famous novels represented by "Water Margins,""Dream of the Red Chamber,""Journey to the West," and a large number of short stories, legendary novels, and supernatural novels. In the Yuan Dynasty, novelists such as Zhang Yanghao, Shi Naian, and Luo Guanzhong appeared. They created classic novels such as Water Margins, Dream of the Red Chamber, and Journey to the West, creating the golden age of Chinese novels. In the Ming Dynasty, the creation of novels entered a period of prosperity, with Wu Chengen, Lu Xun, Jin Yong and other novelists as representatives. They created a large number of novels, martial arts novels and prose works. In the Qing Dynasty, the creation of novels reached its peak. Novelists such as Cao Xueqin and Gao E created classic novels such as Dream of the Red Chamber, Journey to the West, and Water Margins. At the same time, there were also a large number of works such as prose, essays, and dramas. In the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the mainstream literature was poetry, novels, prose and other artistic forms. These works had their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of different times and cultures, and were an indispensable part of the history of Chinese literature.

What was the mainstream of literature in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties? The Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were the five periods of ancient Chinese literature. Each period had its own unique literary characteristics and style. The following are the main literary schools and works of each period: - Tang and Song Dynasties (618 - 907): Tang Dynasty literature was mainly poetry, Song Dynasty literature was mainly prose. The Tang Dynasty poetry was bold, unrestrained, and vigorous. The Song Dynasty prose was concise, bright, fresh, and subtle. Poets in the Tang Dynasty included Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, and so on. Writers in the Song Dynasty included Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, and so on. His representative works include Song of Everlasting Regret, Song of Pipa, and Song of Shuidiao. - In the Yuan Dynasty, the famous plays that were mainly based on drama included Water Margins, Journey to the West, Dream of the Red Chamber, and so on. The drama of Yuan Dynasty was featured by expressing the social reality and exposing the rulers, which had profound ideology and artistry. - During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the famous novels that were mainly novels included Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margins, Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and so on. The novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties had a high literary and artistic value with their complicated plots, rich characters and gorgeous language. In addition to the above-mentioned literary schools and works, there are many other important literary works in each period, such as Tang poetry, Song Ci, Yuan Qu, poetry, prose, novels, etc. The literature of each period has its own unique artistic charm and era background.

Song Dynasty literature was a very important period in Chinese history. Its mainstream forms mainly included Ci, poetry, prose and novels. Ci: It was the most popular literary form in the Song Dynasty and also the most prosperous literary form in the history of Chinese literature. The main characteristics of Ci were gorgeous language, beautiful temperament, and rich emotions. They often appeared in the form of singing. Poem: It was the most popular form of literature in the Song Dynasty and also the most prosperous form of literature in the history of ancient Chinese poetry. The main characteristics of Song poetry were fresh and natural style, profound thoughts, and sincere feelings. They often appeared in the form of poetry, Fu, and Yuefu. 3. Prose: It was one of the main literary forms in the Song Dynasty literature, including prose, essays, letters, etc. Prose was featured by profound thoughts, concise language, and various styles. It often appeared in the form of notes, discussions, historical biography, etc. 4. Fictions: It was the most popular form of literature in the Song Dynasty, including classic novels such as Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Dream of the Red Chamber. The main characteristics of novels were the twists and turns of the plot, the deep character description, and the rich content of thoughts, often presented in the form of stories.

Compared to the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Ming Dynasty literature had the following differences: 1. Literature style: The style of the Ming Dynasty literature was more pragmatic, calm, and calm, different from the romanticism and exaggeration of the Tang and Song Dynasties. The literature of the Ming Dynasty paid more attention to realism. The language used to describe the characters was more straightforward, and the language used to describe the scenery was more simple. 2. Type of literary works: The representative works of Ming Dynasty literature include novels, essays, poems, etc. Among them, novels were the most prominent. The types of novels in the Ming Dynasty were more diverse, such as Water Margins, Dream of the Red Chamber, Journey to the West, and so on. Prose also presented a variety of forms, such as "Moaning Language","Dongli Yuefu" and so on. 3. Literature schools: There were many literary schools in the Ming Dynasty, such as imitating Huaben, novels and operas, imitating ancient poems, and notes. Among them, the vernacular version was widely developed in the Ming Dynasty and was one of the most representative schools of literature in the Ming Dynasty. 4. Literature achievements: The achievements of literature in the Ming Dynasty were relatively high. For example, Feng Menglong's " Yu Shi Ming Yan " was hailed as the pinnacle of Chinese short stories, and Zheng Sixiao's " Xue Lian Ji " was hailed as one of the representative works of Chinese notebook novels. 5. The influence of literature: The literature of the Ming Dynasty had a profound influence on the literature of later generations, such as the influence of the Ming Dynasty on modern Chinese literature.

There were many differences between the literature of the Ming Dynasty and that of the Tang and Song Dynasties. The main difference was the literary form and style. In terms of literary form, the Ming Dynasty literature paid more attention to expressing the thoughts, emotions and phenomena of the real society, while the Tang and Song Dynasties literature paid more attention to expressing the poet's world outlook, outlook on life and values. The representative works of the Ming Dynasty literature, including Water Margins and Romance of the Three Kingdoms, all revealed the dark side of the society at that time and expressed the wishes and anger of the people. The representative works of Tang and Song literature included 300 Tang poems and 300 Song poems, which showed the poet's artistic cultivation, literary talent, and worldview. In terms of literary style, the Ming Dynasty literature was more realistic and exposed reality, while the Tang and Song Dynasties literature paid more attention to lyricism and description. The representative figures of Ming Dynasty literature, such as Xu Wei, Shi Naian, Luo Guanzhong, etc., paid more attention to the expression of social reality, the description of human nature, the exposure of the dark side, and the description of the character's personality and the twists and turns of the plot. The representative figures of Tang and Song literature, such as Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, etc., paid more attention to expressing the poet's emotions and inner world, and also paid more attention to the description of nature and life. Generally speaking, the literature of the Ming Dynasty and the literature of the Tang and Song Dynasties were very different in terms of literary form and literary style, which was also one of the important differences between them.

The Tang and Song Dynasties was an important period in the history of Chinese literature. The literary works of this period were rich and colorful, and many achievements were made. The following are some of the achievements of Chinese literature during the Tang and Song Dynasties: 1. Achievement in poetry: The creation of poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties was very prosperous, and many famous poets and poems emerged. For example, Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty, Su Shi, Xin Qiji, and Lu You of the Song Dynasty. The works of these poets have different styles, but they all show strong personalities and emotions. They are important chapters in the history of Chinese literature. 2. Prose achievements: The prose creation of the Tang and Song Dynasties was also very outstanding, representing the peak of ancient Chinese prose. For example, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, and Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, and Su Zhe of the Song Dynasty. The works of these essayists were full of philosophical thinking, political commentary, historical research and literary criticism. They were important milestone in the history of Chinese literature. 3. Achievement in Ci works: The Ci works of the Tang and Song Dynasties are also classics in the history of Chinese literature. For example, Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty, Su Shi, Xin Qiji, and Lu You of the Song Dynasty. The works of these poets were mainly lyrical, showing strong emotions and personalities, and were known as music in the history of Chinese literature. 4. Literature schools: The literary schools of the Tang and Song Dynasties were also very diverse, such as the Tang poetry school of the Tang Dynasty, the Song Ci school of the Song Dynasty, the ancient prose movement of the Tang Dynasty, and the eight great schools of the Song Dynasty. These literary schools had their own characteristics, but they all had a profound impact on the development of Chinese literature. Chinese literature in the Tang and Song Dynasties made many achievements, which not only represented the peak of ancient Chinese literature, but also had a profound impact on later literature.

The Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties were the four periods in the history of Chinese literature. In the Tang Dynasty, famous poets such as Du Fu, Bai Juyi, and Wang Wei were famous for their poems. The style of Tang Dynasty poetry was grand and bold, with the description of war, social reality, natural scenery and other content as the main theme. In the Song Dynasty, famous writers who mainly wrote prose included Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Su Xun, Wang Anshi, etc. The prose style of the Song Dynasty was fresh and natural, emphasizing the expression of thoughts and feelings. There were a lot of prose works to express emotions, describe scenery, discuss politics and so on. In the Yuan Dynasty, famous novelists such as Cao Xueqin, Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong were famous. The famous novels of the Yuan Dynasty, which were mainly narrated, described, and satirized, included Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margins, Journey to the West, and so on. In the Ming Dynasty, famous writers such as Xin Qiji, Lu You, Li Qingzhao, Yang Shen, etc. mainly focused on poetry, prose, and drama. The poems of the Ming Dynasty were mainly lyrical, describing scenery and discussing. The prose was represented by Tongcheng School and Huguang School, and the drama was represented by Water Margins and Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In the Qing Dynasty, Cao Xueqin, Nalan Xingde and Zheng Xie were famous for their novels, essays, and poems. The novels of the Qing Dynasty, represented by Dream of the Red Chamber, were famous for their exquisite descriptions, complicated plots, and rich characters. The prose was represented by Tongcheng School, Huguang School, Ancient Chinese Movement, etc. The poetry was represented by other famous poets of the Qing Dynasty, such as Nalan Xingde and Wang Shizhen.

The Song Dynasty literature had many forms of expression, and the more representative ones included: Ci: It was one of the most important literary forms of the Song Dynasty, famous for its gorgeous, tactful, and subtle style. The representative poets were Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao, etc. Prose: Prose was another important literary form in Song Dynasty literature. Its main purpose was to express feelings, comment on characters, and narrate history. The representative essayists were Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, etc. 3. Poetry: The Song Dynasty was also very prosperous in poetry creation. The main purpose was to express feelings, narrate stories, and describe scenery. Representative poets included Lu You, Yang Wanli, Xin Qiji, and so on. 4. Fictions: The Song Dynasty's novel creation was also very rich. Among them, Water Margins and Journey to the West were the most famous. The literature of the Song Dynasty became an important stage in the history of Chinese literature with its tactful, subtle, gorgeous, beautiful style and colorful forms of expression.

The main form of expression of Song Dynasty literature was Ci. Ci was one of the most influential literary forms in the history of Chinese literature and one of the important representatives of Song Dynasty literature. Ci originated in the Tang Dynasty, but it was developed and perfected in the Song Dynasty, becoming one of the main forms of literature in the Song Dynasty. Ci was featured by concise language, beautiful rhythm, and rich emotions. It often appeared in the form of poetry. There were many famous poets in the Song Dynasty, such as Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao, and so on. Their works were regarded as the classics of Chinese literature.

The main form of literature during the Tang Dynasty was poetry because the Tang Dynasty was one of the golden ages of poetry development. During the Tang Dynasty, there were many famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, and so on. Their works became one of the classic representatives of Chinese literature. In addition to poetry, many other forms of literature appeared in the Tang Dynasty, such as Fu, prose, Wen Fu, Yue Fu, Ci, Qu, etc. Among them, poetry was one of the most prominent literary forms. The poetry of the Tang Dynasty was not only numerous but also of high quality, which had a profound impact on the development of poetry in later generations.