Leo Tolstoy's works often covered many intellectual topics, some of which were most famous: Human nature: Tolstoy paid attention to the complexity and variety of human nature, emphasizing the contradictions and conflicts in the human heart. In his works, he depicted various characters, including nobles, civilians, soldiers, etc., to explore the nature of human nature through their actions and inner thoughts. 2. Social criticism: Tolstoy made a profound criticism of social reality. He believed that the defects of the social system were the root cause of people's suffering. In his works, he described the contradictions and injustice of various social classes in an attempt to reveal the dark side of society and seek solutions. Religion: Tolstoy was a devout Christian, and his works also involved religious topics. He described the life and beliefs of the Christian people in an attempt to show the importance of religious belief to mankind. War and peace: Tolstoy described war and the peace after war many times in his works. He believed that war was inevitable in human society, but the importance of peace to mankind could not be ignored. His works attempted to explore the nature of war and peace and how to obtain peace. Leo Tolstoy's works explored many important ideas, and these ideas were deeply reflected and explored in his works.