The basic characteristics of modern Chinese literature?

The basic characteristics of modern Chinese literature mainly include the following aspects: 1. Realism tendency: Modern Chinese literature has a realism tendency in the concept of literature, emphasizing the reflection of social reality and real life, paying attention to the people at the bottom of society and people's livelihood. 2. Revolutionary theme: Modern Chinese literature has a revolutionary theme in its thoughts and emotions. It focuses on China's social changes and the fate of the people, reflecting the struggle and sacrifice of the Chinese people in the revolutionary struggle. 3. New literature tide: From the 1920s to the 1940s, the new literature tide appeared, including literary realism, realism, symbolism and other schools. These schools reflected the variety and innovation of modern Chinese literature. 4. Literature's modernisation: From the 1980s to the 1990s, Chinese literature began to pay attention to the modernisation of literature, exploring new literary forms and language styles, emphasizing the internalisation and modernisation of literature. 5. The rise of online novels: With the development of the Internet, online novels have become an important part of modern Chinese literature. Their number and influence have been expanding and becoming an important branch of Chinese literature.

The basic characteristics of Chinese literature in the 1990s could be summarized as follows: 1. The variety of literary schools: In the 1990s, there were various schools of Chinese literature, including traditional literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, and the newly produced online literature and youth literature. Different literary schools had different styles, topics, techniques, and so on. 2. The rise of realistic literature: The rise of realistic literature in Chinese literature in the 1990s was a remarkable feature. The literary works of this period paid more attention to the reflection and revelation of social reality. Through true description and deep thinking, they expressed criticism and reflection on society. 3. The active literary market: In the 1990s, the Chinese literary market was active, and the publication and distribution of literary works were better managed and guaranteed, and the readership was more diverse. Many excellent literary works were widely spread and recognized, which had an important literary influence. 4. Divergence of literary evaluation: The Chinese literary evaluation in the 1990s was also a distinctive feature. During this period, literary evaluation paid more attention to the content and extension of literary works, paid more attention to the literary value and cultural significance of works, and paid more attention to the pluralistic interpretation and evaluation of literary works. In the 1990s, the Chinese literature showed the characteristics of variety, the rise of realism literature, the active literary market and the pluralization of literary evaluation. These characteristics still have important enlightenment for the development of Chinese literature today.

The basic characteristics of modern Chinese novels can be summarized as follows: 1. Industries and modernizations: Chinese modern novels pay more and more attention to the understanding and performance of industries and modernizations in their writing and creation. This understanding was reflected in the extensive use of buildings, streets, vehicles, and other elements in the novel. In terms of content, it reflected on real life and discussed modern social problems. 2. Realism and realism: The creation of modern Chinese novels has experienced the transition between realism and realism. Realism emphasized objective description and authenticity, while modernism focused on the author's subjective feelings and ideology. 3. Literature schools: There are many literary schools in modern Chinese novels, such as scar literature, idealistic literature, new realism, urban novels, novels that reflect social reality, and so on. These literary schools had their own characteristics, but they all reflected the fate and experience of modern Chinese society and people. 4. Divergence and personality: Chinese modern novels pay more and more attention to the manifestation of divergence and personality in their creation. The communication and interaction between readers and works were also more diverse and convenient. 5. Language and style: The language and style of modern Chinese novels are also changing and developing. New literary languages and styles kept emerging, and some new literary phenomena appeared, such as online literature. At the same time, the use of traditional literary language was becoming more and more common. These are the basic characteristics of modern Chinese novels, which reflect the uniqueness and complexity of modern Chinese novels in terms of creation, society and people's lives.

Church literature referred to a literary form passed down from Christian culture, usually including gospels, hymns, poems, plays, and many other forms. The basic characteristics of church literature included: 1. Belief expression: Church literature used the Christian faith as the theme to express the faith and gratitude of the Christian to God through words. 2. Poetic tradition: The most common form of church literature is poetry, and hymns are one of the most famous forms. Chant was an art form that expressed Christian doctrine and poetry through oral singing. 3. Narration tradition: Church literature is usually presented in narrative form, including gospels, hymns, poems, etc. These narrations were usually presented in the form of biographies to describe the life and religious experiences of the Christian. 4. artistic characteristics: Church literature has unique artistic characteristics such as rhythm, rhythm, harmony, musicality, etc. These characteristics made church literature different from other literary works in terms of literary form and music. 5. Literature value: Church literature is regarded as an important part of Christian culture, with profound literary value and social significance. Church literature played an important role in cultural inheritance and religious education.

The literary image is the image, artistic conception and emotion expressed by symbols, symbols and metaphor in literary works. It has unique aesthetic characteristics and symbolic meaning, and is the soul and core of literary works. The basic characteristics of literary images include: 1. Uniqueness: literary images are unique. They often use some specific symbols and symbols to express the author's emotions and thoughts, which are distinguished from other works and reality. 2. Symbolism: literary images often have a certain symbolic meaning. They express the author's feelings and thoughts through hints or metaphor, so that readers can resonate and think. 3. Metaphorical: literary images often use metaphor to express the author's feelings and thoughts so that readers can understand the author's intentions while understanding the metaphor. 4. Comprehensiveness: literary images are often comprehensive, including not only symbols and symbols, but also images, artistic conception and emotions. It is a complex and comprehensive symbol system. 5. Space-time: literary images have a certain space-time nature, often reflecting the author's era, cultural background and emotional state, but also reflecting the historical and social reality. 6. Diverse: literary images are diverse. Different authors can use different symbols and symbolic techniques to express different emotions and thoughts. Therefore, the expression and characteristics of literary images are also different.

Scar literature refers to a special literary phenomenon that appeared in the literary world of the mainland of China from the 1940s to the 1970s. 1. Reflection and criticism of war and revolution. Scar literature explored human nature and social problems by analyzing the history of war and revolution, reflecting on and criticizing the destruction and pain brought about by war and revolution. 2. emphasize social reality and the sufferings of the people. Scar literature focused on social reality and the sufferings of the people. It described the poverty, hunger, disease, pain and other sufferings that the people experienced, emphasizing the reflection and concern of literature to social reality. 3. Show humanity and human dignity. Scar literature not only pays attention to social reality and people's suffering, but also shows human nature and human dignity. It describes the weaknesses and defects of human nature and also emphasizes human dignity and value. Reflect social change and progress. Scar literature reflected social change and progress, and at the same time, it reflected and criticized the old social structure and concepts. 5. Historical awareness. Scar literature has a sense of history. It comments and analyses historical events and characters, emphasizing the role and influence of literature on social history. Scar literature is a literary phenomenon that reflects and critiques historical reality, pays attention to people's sufferings, displays human nature and human dignity, and reflects social change and progress.

The basic characteristics of ancient Chinese novels included: Born and developed in the feudal society: Most of the ancient Chinese novels were born in the feudal society, reflecting the political, economic, cultural and other characteristics of the feudal society. 2. To describe the characters as the center: ancient Chinese novels to describe the characters as the center, through the creation of characters to express the theme. 3. Pay attention to plot and structure: Ancient Chinese novels pay attention to plot and structure, and often attract readers 'attention through carefully designed plots and structures. 4. Reflecting social life: Ancient Chinese novels reflect the social life, the wishes and sufferings of the people at that time, and show the variety and complexity of the society at that time. 5. Language and literary style: The language and literary style of ancient Chinese novels are rich and colorful. There are bold and unconstrained poems, graceful and restrained poems, prose, novels and other literary forms. Profound content: Ancient Chinese novels often contain profound thoughts and content to reveal the nature of society and the suffering of the people at that time.

Enlightenment literature refers to a literary form that appeared in Europe from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. It aims to provide readers with a more comprehensive and in-depth cultural knowledge and help readers understand the various problems of society at that time. There were many reasons for the emergence of enlightenment literature. The main reason was that European society was facing a series of political, economic, and cultural problems that required literature to spread knowledge and ideas. In addition, the rise of the Enlightenment also promoted people's pursuit of rationality, science, and knowledge, which also promoted the emergence of Enlightenment literature. The basic characteristics of enlightenment literature included: 1. Criticizing reality: Enlightenment literature aimed to criticize the various drawbacks of European society at that time, such as autocracy, religious oppression, equality, and so on. 2. emphasize rationality: Enlightenment literature emphasized the power of human rationality and encouraged people to solve problems through thinking and practice. 3. Pay attention to science: scientific elements such as natural philosophy, positivistic, etc. often appear in enlightenment literature. 4. Focus on individuals: Enlightenment literature focuses on individuals, emphasizing individual rights and freedom, and pays attention to the nature and destiny of human beings. 5. Diverse forms of literature: Enlightenment literature includes not only argumentative essays, historical novels, poems, etc., but also various forms of literary works such as novels, plays, essays, etc.

The basic characteristics of medieval European literature included: 1. The variety of literary forms: The forms of medieval European literature were very diverse, including poetry, novels, epics, legends, plays, etc. Among them, poetry occupied an important position in medieval European literature. Many famous medieval poets such as Virgil, Homer, and shakespeare had outstanding poetry works. 2. The breadth of the subject: The subjects of medieval European literature were very wide, including religion, history, mythology, love, friendship, family, politics, etc. The religious theme was one of the most prominent ones in medieval European literature. Many literary works revolved around religious stories. 3. The variety of languages: The languages of medieval European literature were very rich and varied, including Latino, Greek, Italian, French, German, etc. These languages not only provided a rich means of expression for literary works, but also became an important part of medieval European culture. Reflecting social reality: medieval European literature reflects the reality of society at that time, including politics, religion, society and so on. Many literary works revealed the injustice, darkness, and injustice of the society at that time, reflecting the wishes and demands of the people. 5. Pay attention to moral education: medieval European literature attached great importance to moral education. Many works revolved around moral issues and aimed to educate readers on the correct values and moral concepts. For example, the Bible was one of the most important and universal literary works in medieval European literature. It conveyed Christian moral concepts to readers through stories and fables.

The literature of the occupied areas refers to the literature works that reflect the people's poverty, pain and helplessness in material and spiritual aspects, as well as their desire for peace, liberation and self-redemption under the circumstances of war, political turmoil, natural disasters, etc. The basic characteristics of literature in the occupied areas included: Description of war and violence: The literature of the occupied areas often described war and violence, including civil wars, foreign wars, invasions, massacres, etc., reflecting the suffering and struggle of the people in the war. 2. Reflecting social reality: The literature of the occupied areas often reflects social reality, including the people's poverty, helplessness, despair, etc., as well as the desire for peace, liberation, self-redemption, and other emotions. 3. Description of human nature and emotions: The literature of the occupied areas often described human nature and emotions, including the suffering, struggle, helplessness, desire, etc. of the people, as well as the yearning for freedom, peace, and happiness. 4. Humanism: The literature of the occupied areas often emphasized humanism, which was the concern and help for the people, as well as the concern for human dignity and destiny. Reflecting history and culture: The literature of the occupied areas often reflects history and culture, including criticism and reflection of the past culture and civilization, as well as the reflection of modern culture and reality. The literature of the enemy occupied areas was a reflection of the sufferings, helplessness, and longing of the people in the war. It had profound social significance and cultural value.