Tang poetry and Han poetry were two outstanding representatives of ancient Chinese literature. There were the following significant differences: 1. Form and structure: Tang poetry is more rigorous, concise, and beautiful in terms of form and structure. Tang poetry used a large number of rhythms and meters to make the poem more beautiful and moving. On the other hand, Han poetry was more focused on expressing thoughts and feelings, and its form and structure were relatively more free and unconventional. The theme of Tang poetry is mostly mountains, rivers, pastures, myths and legends, historical stories, etc., which show deep emotions and love for nature and life. On the other hand, the main theme of Han poetry was politics, society, morality, etc., which showed a deep concern and criticism of social reality. 3. Literature style: The style of Tang poetry is mostly vigorous, bold, unrestrained, and full of romanticism. It has a unique artistic charm. On the other hand, the style of Han poetry was mostly fresh, elegant, subtle, and profound. It had a profound cultural background. The emergence and development of Tang poetry and Han poetry are based on different backgrounds of the times. Tang poetry was produced in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, showing yearning and praise for the prosperous times, while Han poetry was produced in the Han Dynasty, showing deep concern and criticism of politics, society and morality. Tang poetry and Han poetry have great differences in form, structure, content, theme, literary style and background. They are two indispensable schools in the history of Chinese literature.