" How Steel Was Tempered " was a novel by Russia's Ostrovsky. The meaning of the title was " How Steel was Tempered ". It referred to the story of the protagonist, Pavel Kochagin, who gradually became an excellent revolutionary and steelworker through arduous efforts from a poor working family during the Russian Revolution. This novel was widely regarded as one of the most important works that reflected the Russian revolution and construction process. It also had profound social significance and educational value.