It outlines the different characteristics of the development of Chinese culture in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and analyses the reasons for the formation of these different characteristics.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were an important period for the development of literature, art and science and technology in China. The following are the characteristics and reasons for the formation of literature, art, science and technology in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties: The characteristics of literature and art: The prosperity of poetry: The poetry creation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties reached an unprecedented peak, and many excellent poets and poetry works appeared. 2. The development of prose: The prose form of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was more mature and the content was richer. Some important essayists and works appeared. 3. The development of novels: The creation of novels during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was also very prosperous. Many important novelists and works appeared, such as Dream of the Red Chamber. 4. Painting innovation: The art of painting in the Ming and Qing Dynasties reached a new peak. There were some important painters and works such as Bada Shanren and Shi Tao. 5. Prosperity of music: The music creation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties also made new progress, and many important musicians and music works appeared. Reason for Formation: 1. Social background: The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the later stages of China's feudal society. The society was relatively stable, the economy was prosperous, and the culture developed. 2. Cultural autocracy: The cultural autocracy policy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties had certain restrictions on the development of culture, but it also made cultural innovation more active. 3. Development of science and technology: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the development of science and technology made important progress, such as the manufacture of agricultural tools, boats, vehicles and other machinery, the invention of compasses, gunpowder and other tools. 4. The development of education: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, education had made new progress, and many important educating experts and educational institutions had appeared. To sum up, the development of literature, art, science and technology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was related to many factors such as social background, cultural tyranny, scientific and technological development, and educational development. The formation of these characteristics also provided valuable experience and enlightenment for future generations.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties was the peak period of the development of Chinese novels. There were many novels with various styles, which formed a unique literary style and characteristics. The following are the main characteristics and reasons for the development of novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties: The development of novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties showed a diverse trend of development, and works of various literary schools and topics constantly emerged. Among them, the classical novels represented by the "Four Great Masterpieces" became the mainstream literary form at that time. The main reason for its formation was social pressure and social needs. The narrative techniques and structures of novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties gradually matured and became more diverse. Cao Xueqin's "Dream of the Red Chamber" became a classic in the history of Chinese literature with its rich characters, detailed descriptions and complex plot structure. Lu Xun's "The True Story of Ah Q" became a classic in modern Chinese literature with its sharp irony and profound ideology. 3. The characters and personalities in the novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were more detailed and rich, and the language was more mature and beautiful. Representative. Wu Chengen's Journey to the West combined ancient Chinese myths and legends with real life in the form of a fairy tale to show rich character images and character descriptions. Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber used delicate descriptions and superb artistic techniques to shape many plump characters and complex character characteristics. The theme and significance of novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties also changed, paying more attention to and revealing the real life and social problems. Representative. Lao She's Camel Xiangzi revealed the dark side of society and the distortion of human nature through the description of real life, while Lu Xun's Madman's Diary became a classic work of modern Chinese literature with its sharp criticism and profound ideology. These were the main characteristics and reasons for the development of novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. These characteristics reflected the changes and progress of society and people's lives at that time, and also reflected the development of Chinese literature.

The novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties were an important period in the history of Chinese literature. The development of novels in this period showed many unique characteristics. The development of novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties had gone through three stages: the first stage was the emergence of classic works such as Dream of the Red Chamber and Journey to the West. The second stage was the popularity of classic works such as Water Margins and Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The third stage was the rise of online literature. In the first stage, the novel creation gradually changed from the traditional narrative method to realism and romanticism. It represented that "Dream of the Red Chamber" used the illusory "illusory world" as the framework to show the rise and fall of the feudal family and profoundly reflected the various drawbacks of the feudal society. Journey to the West, on the other hand, reflected the pursuit of freedom, justice, and faith of the ancient Chinese people through the adventures of the main characters such as Sun Wukong. In the second stage, the creation of novels paid more attention to popularity and popularity. On behalf of the Water Margins and Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these works used historical events and the history of the Three Kingdoms period as the background to popularise the customs, culture, and historical knowledge of ancient society with vivid characters and plots. In the third stage, the rise of online literature became a new literary genre. Online literature is a new form of literature. It uses the Internet as a platform to spread through the network platform with the characteristics of opening, interaction and innovation. On behalf of " Battle Through the Heavens "," Martial World " and other works, not only had wonderful storylines and unique artistic styles, but they also reflected the lifestyle and values of contemporary young people. The development of novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties presented unique characteristics, which not only reflected the reality of the society at that time, but also provided important reference and enlightenment for later literary creation.

The development of folk industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties showed the following characteristics: Specialization and clear division of labor: The specialization and division of labor in the folk industry during the Ming and Qing Dynasties were very clear. Each industry had specific technology, equipment, and personnel. For example, the cotton textile industry had professionals such as spinners, looms, and spinning machines; the shoe industry had professionals such as shoemakers and shoe machines; and the iron industry had professionals such as blacksmiths and iron furnaces. 2. The development of technology: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the development of technology in the folk industry was very rapid, and the technology was constantly innovative and improved. For example, the porcelain craftsmanship of the Ming and Qing Dynasties had reached a very high level. The exquisite and colorful porcelain not only met the needs of the court and nobles, but also sold well in the domestic and foreign markets. 3. Scale expansion and division of labor: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the scale of the folk industry continued to expand, and various industries began to have division of labor and cooperation. For example, in the cotton textile industry, the division of labor consisted of a textile engineer who was responsible for producing yarn, a loom manufacturer who was responsible for producing cloth, and a spinning machine manufacturer who was responsible for producing yarn. 4. Changes in production organization and management methods: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the management methods of the private industry changed and began to adopt enterprise management methods. For example, guilds and chambers of commerce appeared in the cotton textile industry during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which played a role in management and coordination. The characteristics of the development of folk industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were mainly due to the following reasons: 1. The growth of market demand: The prosperity of the social economy and the development of the commodity economy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties made the folk industry widely used and developed. 2. technological progress and continuous innovation: during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the technological development of the folk industry was very rapid. The continuous innovation and improvement of the process met the market demand. 3. Division of labor and cooperation and expansion of scale: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the division of labor and cooperation began to appear in the folk industry. The scale of production and management also changed. 4. Government support and encouragement: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the government strengthened its support and encouragement for the private industry and formulated a series of policies and measures to promote the development of the private industry.

The characteristics of the seals of different dynasties included the variety and primitive state of the ancient seals of the Warring States Period, the unified regulations and small seal characters of the Qin Dynasty seals, the elegance and agility of the Han Dynasty seals, and the seal characteristics of the Xixia, Liao, Yuan and other minority governments. The ancient seals of the Warring States Period had various shapes. Most of the white seals had a frame, while the red seals had a relatively wide frame. The seal of the Qin Dynasty used the small seal script. The official seal was mostly square in shape, and the private seal was similar to the semi-general seal. In the Han Dynasty, most of the seals were in white characters. The official seal was cast, and the private seal was rich in forms. The official seal of the Western Xia Dynasty was in the form of rounded corners. The seal was full of white characters, with thick strokes and a frame. It absorbed the characteristics of the nine-fold characters that were popular in the Song Dynasty. In general, the seals of different dynasties had different characteristics in terms of shape, text, and decoration.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a glorious period of ancient Chinese society. The main characteristics of social development were as follows: 1. Prosperous economy: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's economic level had been greatly developed, especially in the fields of agriculture, craftsmanship and commerce. China's feudal society entered a relatively stable period, and the economic prosperity lasted for hundreds of years. 2. Development of science and technology: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the level of science and technology had been significantly improved. In the agricultural field, people began to use modern agricultural technologies such as fertilizers and pesticides to increase the yield and quality of crops. In the industrial field, people invented many advanced tools and technologies such as textile machines, mills, and paper-making. In the commercial field, people invented movable type printing, which accelerated the printing and transmission of books and promoted the development of commerce. 3. Political stability: During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's political system entered a relatively stable period. The autocracy of the monarch was strengthened, and the power of the government was more concentrated. 4. Prosperity of culture: The cultural level of China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties had been greatly developed. Literature, art, philosophy, and other fields had made great progress, and many excellent works and philosophers had emerged. 5. The social class division: The social class division of the Ming and Qing Dynasties had developed significantly. People's living standards and social status were mainly determined by their occupation, family background, and wealth.

The literature of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties was one of the three periods of ancient Chinese literature and one of the most glorious periods in the history of Chinese literature. In these three periods, the literary style, literary form and literary content had great changes and development. The literature of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties occupied an important position in the history of Chinese literature. The literary works of the Yuan Dynasty included classic novels such as Journey to the West and Water Margins, which had a profound influence on Chinese literature. The literary works of the Qing Dynasty, including "Dream of the Red Chamber" and "The Scholars," were considered classics in the history of Chinese literature. One of the characteristics of Yuan, Ming and Qing literature was the rich and colorful theme and content of the works. During this period, the topics of literature covered social reality, historical stories, myths and legends, philosophical speculation, and so on. The style of the work was also more diverse, from the rigor and magnificence of classical literature to the lightness and humor of modern literature. Another feature of Yuan, Ming and Qing literature was the constant innovation and development of literary forms. In this period, the literary forms, including novels, poems, essays, operas, etc., each had its own unique characteristics and forms of expression. For example, novels were widely used during this period, and classic works such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margins appeared. In short, the literature of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties was a classic of ancient Chinese literature. Its rich and colorful theme and content, diverse literary forms, and the literature of later generations had a profound impact.

The Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties referred to the historical changes between the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in Chinese history. The Song Dynasty (960 - 1279) was a dynasty in Chinese history. It was the general name of the three dynasties of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Later Shu, the Southern Tang, and the Northern Song. The Song Dynasty's politics, economy, and culture had all developed greatly. It was known as the era of "economic prosperity, cultural prosperity, and martial arts strength." The Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368) was a dynasty in Chinese history. It was established by the Mongol Empire in the late 13th century. The territory of the Yuan Dynasty was unprecedentedly vast, including present-day China, many countries in Asia, and a part of Europe. The ruler of the Yuan Dynasty was Kublai Khan. He implemented a series of important reforms, such as the implementation of the "central power" system, the development of territory, the development of energy, etc., which made the politics, economy, and culture of the Yuan Dynasty develop greatly. The Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) was a dynasty in Chinese history. It was the dynasty after the Yuan Dynasty and also the "Renaissance" period in Chinese history. The political system of the Ming Dynasty was relatively perfect. The economy was prosperous, the culture was prosperous, and the foreign policy was flexible. Science and technology developed rapidly. The leaders of the Ming Dynasty were Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Di, Wanli, etc. The Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1912) was a dynasty in Chinese history. It was the dynasty after the Ming Dynasty. The political system of the Qing Dynasty was relatively perfect. The economic center of gravity moved southward. The culture was prosperous. The martial arts were strong. The foreign policy was tough. The development of science and technology was slow. The leaders of the Qing Dynasty were Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, etc. In Chinese history, the change between the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty was an important historical event. It marked the end of China's feudal society and China entered a capitalist society. The change between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty marked the decline of China's feudal society and the beginning of the modern process.

The twenty-four dynasties did not mention the four dynasties of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing.

From the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was the period of development of the folk vernacular. Most of the literary works in this period were written by the folk. The vernacular was easy to understand and lively, which played an important role in the development and prosperity of Chinese literature. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the poems and essays of Li Bai and Du Fu were written in the vernacular, with distinctive characteristics of the times and literary style. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the vernacular literature had further developed, such as "Dream of the Red Chamber","Journey to the West" and other classic literary works. These works were presented in the form of vernacular, fluent in language and easy to understand, becoming an outstanding representative of Chinese classical literature. The development of folk vernacular not only made literary works closer to people's lives, but also promoted the process of the Chinese literature's modernisation. It provided an important foundation for the variety and prosperity of Chinese literature.