Give a brief account of the main achievements of Chinese literature

Coincidence in literary works refers to the relationship or similarity between two or more characters or events in the story. This relationship may be in time, space, emotion, etc. This kind of coincidence could often arouse the interest and resonance of the readers, making the story more fascinating. Here are some common coincidences in literature: 1. The similarity between characters: In literary works, there may be some similarities between characters, such as personality, experience, goals, etc. This similarity might lead to closer interactions and relationships between the characters. For example, in the Harry Potter series, although Harry and Ron had different origins and families, they both longed to become a wizard and eventually became good friends. 2. Coincidence of time: Coincidence of time is a common coincidence in literary works. For example, two characters experienced similar things at the same time or two characters had conflicts and interactions at the same time. This kind of coincidence could strengthen the tension and tension of the story. For example, in Dream of the Red Chamber, Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu were born at the same time and entered the Rong Mansion at the same time, but their relationship changed continuously in the following story. Spatial coincidence: Spatial coincidence was also a common coincidence in literature. For example, similar things happened between two characters in the same place or conflicts and interactions between two characters in the same place. This kind of spatial coincidence could enhance the realism and three-dimensional sense of the story. For example, the heroes of Liangshan Lake in Water Margins gathered at the same place and experienced a series of battles and adventures in the following story. The following is an example: In the novel " One Hundred Years of Solitude," the story of the seven generations of the Buendía family coincided with the time. Every ancestor of the Buendía family had met and fallen in love with a stranger named Macondo. Macondo was a mysterious figure who played a vital role in the family's history. In the novel, Macondo has a connection with each of his ancestors, and this connection further increases the tension of time and space in the story.

The 1930s was a critical period for the development of modern Chinese novels, and many achievements were made. Here are some possible introductions: The rise of new literature: The 1930s was the rise of new literature, and many of them created a series of literary works with a sense of progress. These works included Lu Xun's "Madman's Diary,""The True Story of Ah Q," Mao Dun's "Midnight,""The Lin Family Shop," and so on. 2. The development of modern novels: The 1930s was also the period of development of modern novels. The representative figures were Ernest Hemmingway, Faulkner, Marquez, etc. These were psychological and human problems. 3. The vernacular culture of the novel: In the 1930s, many modern novels were written in a more natural and fluent way, which was more in line with the expression habits of modern Chinese. This phenomenon of vernacular culture was called the "vernacular culture of novels". 4. The innovation of the novel form: Some modern novels in the 1930s such as cubism and expressionism. These forms of innovation injected new vitality into the development of modern Chinese novels. The 1930s was a milestone period in the development of modern Chinese novels. Many of them laid a solid foundation for the development of modern Chinese novels, which still has important significance in the history of literature.

Both novels and essays are literary forms, but they have different creative characteristics and development processes. A novel was a literary work that focused on the plot and the characters. It originated in Europe during the Renaissance and had developed for nearly a century. The development of the novel has gone through many changes from simple plot to complex story structure, from description to performance, from the main character as the center to the plot as the center. In the development of the novel, there were many important characters such as shakespeare, dickens, maupassant, tolstoy and so on. Prose was a literary work that expressed thoughts, feelings, and opinions. It originated from ancient China. With the change of the times, prose gradually developed into different writing styles and forms, such as lyric prose, argumentative prose, narrative prose and so on. In the development of prose, there were many important works such as Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Zhu Ziqing, Bing Xin, etc. Generally speaking, the development of novels and essays has gone through many changes and evolutions, but their creative characteristics and expression techniques are different. Fictions pay more attention to the plot and the description of the characters, while essays pay more attention to the expression of thoughts and emotions. In different historical periods and different literary schools, novels and essays have played an important role in the development of literature and made indelible contributions.

The Tang Dynasty was one of the most glorious periods of literary achievement in Chinese history. Its works were mainly in the form of poetry, prose, and novels, leaving behind a large number of classic literary works. The achievements of Tang Dynasty literature were mainly manifested in the following three aspects: 1. Achievement of poetry: The Tang Dynasty poetry was mainly featured by rhythm, meter and rhyme, forming a unique poetic style. Poets of the Tang Dynasty, such as Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Zhihuan, Liu Yuxi, etc., were widely praised and had a profound influence on the poetry creation of later generations. 2. Prose achievements: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu and others in the Tang Dynasty formed a unique style of prose. They paid attention to ideology, logic and artistry, and expressed social life and philosophy of life with profound, concise and vivid language, which became an important chapter in the history of Chinese culture. 3. Achievement in novels: The novels of the Tang Dynasty, such as Water Margins, Journey to the West, and Dream of the Red Chamber, have become the classics of ancient Chinese novels. These works used vivid, vivid and rich descriptions to portray many characters and plots, revealing various social problems at that time, making an important contribution to the development and prosperity of Chinese literature. The achievements of Tang Dynasty literature not only influenced the culture and art of later generations, but also deeply influenced the development and inheritance of Chinese culture.

Ancient Indian literature refers to the literature in Indian history from 2000 B.C. to 1900 A.D. During this period, Indian literature underwent tremendous changes and development, producing many outstanding works. The following are some of the main achievements of ancient Indian literature: 1. Indian epics: The Indian epics are one of the most important works in Indian literature, including the Nibelungenlied Song, Broha, Iliad, and Odessey. These epics described important events and figures in Indian history, reflecting the political, economic, and cultural conditions of Indian society. 2 Yoga Sutra: Yoga Sutra is one of the most famous works of literature in India and an important part of ancient Indian literature. Yoga sutra is a philosophical classic about yoga. It contains many ideas about morality, practice and spirituality, which has a profound impact on Indian yoga culture and philosophy. 3. Poetry: There were many forms of poetry in ancient India, including epics, poems, and lyrics. Among them, the most famous works of poetry include "Caria","Nineteen Ancient Poems" and "Gandhian Poetry Selection". 4. Prose: There were also many excellent prose works in ancient India, such as the Qur 'an, Nehru's Prose, and Vimalayana. These prose works reflected the political, economic and cultural conditions of Indian society, which had a profound impact on Indian culture and society. 5. Philosophy: Ancient Indian philosophy is also an important part of Indian literature, including yoga philosophy, hindu philosophy, and materialistic philosophy. These philosophical works had a profound influence on Indian culture and literature and had a significant impact on modern Indian philosophy and culture. The achievements of ancient Indian literature were very significant. It reflected the political, economic and cultural conditions of Indian society and had a profound impact on Indian culture and literature.

'Dream of the Red Chamber' was a classic work of Chinese classical literature and was hailed as a monumental work in the history of Chinese novels. Its artistic achievements were mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. Character Creation: Through the creation of the characters of the Jia, Wang, Xue, and Shi families, Dream of the Red Chamber has successfully created many characters that resonate with the readers. 2. Narration skills: "Dream of the Red Chamber" adopted the chapter system. Each chapter narrates from a different character's point of view to make the plot more compact and the story more coherent. At the same time, the author also used a lot of symbolism and metaphor to make the narrative more profound and philosophical. 3. literary and artistic style: Dream of the Red Chamber has a unique literary style. It shows the essence of Chinese traditional literature with graceful, delicate and profound strokes. At the same time, the author also used a lot of painting, calligraphy and other artistic forms to make the work more colorful. 4. Thought Connotation: "Dream of the Red Chamber" reveals the dark reality of feudal society through the description of the four families of Jia, Wang, Xue and Shi. It probes into the philosophical issues of human nature, love, family and friendship, which have important thought and cultural implications. "Dream of the Red Chamber" in the narrative, character creation, literary style, ideology and other aspects of high artistic value, is a classic of Chinese classical literature, but also one of the treasures in the history of world literature.

'Dream of the Red Chamber' was a classic work of Chinese classical literature and an important chapter in the history of world literature. This novel depicted the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue as the main line, depicting the life of an illusory and delicate feudal dynasty family. His artistic achievements were mainly in the following aspects: 1. Unique narrative style: "Dream of the Red Chamber" uses the combination of novel narration and poetry narration to create "joint","virtual" narration and other narrative techniques to make the plot of the novel more winding, vivid and increase the artistic appeal of the novel. 2. Delicate psychological description: "Dream of the Red Chamber" shows the complexity and variety of human nature through the description of the inner world of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai and other characters, making the novel more profound and artistic value. 3. Exquisite character image: The character image in Dream of the Red Chamber is very delicate. Through the description of the character's expression, movement, language and other details, it shows the character's personality characteristics and emotional changes, making the character image more real and vivid. Rich cultural content: Dream of the Red Chamber is not only a novel describing the feudal society, but also a novel that reflects the traditional Chinese culture, thoughts, and values. Through the description of the lives, thoughts and concepts of different characters and families, the novel reflects the variety and uniqueness of Chinese traditional culture and also shows the deep level of human nature.

Dostoevsky was the most outstanding and famous author of the 19th century Russian novel, Crime and Punishment. His thoughts were complicated. He had deep religious beliefs and was dissatisfied with and critical of social reality. In literature, Dostoevsky's works deeply reflected his concern about social injustice, moral decay, and human distortion. The violence, desire, pain, torture and other elements that often appeared in his works reflected his deep exploration and thinking of human nature. At the same time, his works were also full of reflections and criticisms of religious beliefs, as well as thoughts on morality and human nature. Dostoevsky's representative works include Crime and Punishment, The Brothers Karamazov, White Night Journey, etc. His works have been translated into many languages and have a wide range of readers and influence around the world. In addition to his literary achievements, Dostoevsky was also an outstanding philosopher. His thoughts were deeply influenced by Western philosophy, and at the same time, he had a profound religious experience and thinking. He put forward the concept of "human liberation" and believed that human beings should get rid of the shackles of feudalism and religion to achieve freedom and liberation. His ideas had a profound impact on the development of the Russian revolution and the ideology of the country. Dostoevsky was a man with profound thoughts and exquisite literature. His works and thoughts had a profound impact on Russian culture and world literature.

The history of modern Chinese literature is a controversial and diverse field. The following are the criticisms of each period: 1. The New Culture Movement period: The critics believed that the Chinese literature during the New Culture Movement betrayed the traditional culture and advocated the new trend of thought. The critics also believed that the literary creation of this period lacked depth and content, and that the pursuit of form and technique ignored the exploration of human nature and social reality. 2. Realist period: The critics believed that the Chinese literature in the Realist period paid too much attention to the plot and the description of the characters, ignoring the description of history and social reality. The critics also believed that the literary creation of this period lacked artistry and innovation, and was highly repetitive. 3. Modern period: The critics believed that the Chinese literature in the modern period was too focused on expressing personal feelings and inner experiences, ignoring the criticism and reflection of history and social reality. The critics also believed that the literary creation of this period lacked depth and breadth, and was too narrow and limited. 4. The period of contemporary literature: The critics believe that the Chinese literature in the period of contemporary literature pays too much attention to literary forms and techniques and neglects the deep exploration of human nature and social reality. The critics also thought that the literary creation of this period lacked depth and content, and was too frivolous and superficial. The above are just some of the critical points of view. The history of modern Chinese literature is a complex and diverse field.

The Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty were important periods in the history of Chinese literature and also the prosperous period of novel creation. The following is a brief summary of the main achievements of the Ming and early Qing novels: The achievements of Ming Dynasty novels: 1 Water Margins: Water Margins was one of the most famous novels of the Ming Dynasty. It described the story of the peasant uprising in the Song Dynasty and was hailed as a classic of ancient Chinese novels. " Dream of the Red Chamber ":" Dream of the Red Chamber " was a long novel written by Cao Xueqin, a novelist from the Qing Dynasty. It described the love story of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, and others. It was hailed as a masterpiece in the history of Chinese literature. Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio: Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio is a collection of short stories written by Pu Songling, a novelist of the Qing Dynasty. It contains many stories of immortals and ghosts and is regarded as a treasure of ancient Chinese novels. 4 Journey to the West: Journey to the West was a novel written by the Tang Dynasty novelist Wu Chengen. It described the story of Sun Wukong and others who went to the West to obtain scriptures. It was hailed as one of the four great masterpieces in the history of Chinese literature. The achievements of Qing Dynasty novels: Dream of the Red Chamber: A novel written by Cao Xueqin from the Qing Dynasty. It described the love story of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and others. It was hailed as a classic in the history of Chinese literature. " Water Margins ":" Water Margins " was a long novel written by the Ming Dynasty novelist Shi Naian. It described the story of the peasant uprising in the Song Dynasty and was hailed as a classic of ancient Chinese novels. 3 Journey to the West: Journey to the West was a novel written by the Tang Dynasty novelist Wu Chengen. It described the story of Sun Wukong and others who went to the West to obtain scriptures. It was hailed as one of the four great masterpieces in the history of Chinese literature. 4. The Scholars: The Scholars was a satirical novel written by Wu Jingzi, a novelist of the Qing Dynasty. It described various political figures and absurd events in the background of the scholars 'culture and the politics of the Qing Dynasty.