What is called new and old literature?

The New Literature and the New Literature Movement referred to a literary form that rose in China in the early 20th century. It emphasized the social criticism and political sensitivity of literature, opposed the classicalism and realism of the old literature, and advocated the "humanization" and "democratization" of literature. The main representatives of the new literature were Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Lao She, Ba Jin, etc. Old literature referred to traditional Chinese literature, including the philosophers of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, the poems of the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the poems of the Tang Dynasty, the essays of the Song Dynasty, and the dramas of the Yuan Dynasty. The old literature emphasized the lyricism and narration of literature, and attached importance to the historical and cultural background of literature. It was an important school in the history of Chinese literature. The main representatives of the old literature were Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Lu You, etc. Although the new literature and the old literature overlapped and conflicted to some extent, they both reflected the changes and development trends of society and history at that time.

New literature usually referred to the literary schools that appeared in the first half of the 20th century. They emphasized social criticism and revolutionary opposition to the realism and romanticism of old literature. Compared with the old literature, the new literature was very different in terms of literary form, content, style and readers. Old literature was mainly featured by realism and romanticism, emphasizing literary realism and expressionism, focusing on personal emotions and experiences, as well as natural and historical phenomena. The new literature paid more attention to social and political issues, emphasizing the social criticism and revolutionary nature of literature, focusing on the relationship between individuals and society, as well as the survival and destiny of mankind. The new literature paid more attention to the ideology and cultural value of literature, emphasized the pluralistic and open nature of literature, and also paid attention to the innovation and breakthrough of literature. The emergence of new literature pushed forward the development and progress of literature, and had a profound impact on modern literature.

Old literature and new literature were important divisions in the history of literature, which mainly appeared in the early 20th century. Old literature refers to traditional literature forms and structures, focusing on plots, characters, and theme expressions, emphasizing the social significance and human value of literature, usually with deep cultural heritage and historical origins. The main representatives of the old literature included Chinese classical literature, European Renaissance literature, ancient Greek mythology, and Latino literature. New literature referred to modern literature represented by modernism, post-modernism, feminism, and racialism. It focused on the form, technique, and language of literature, emphasizing individual freedom and individual expression, and pursuing literary innovation and breakthroughs. The main representatives of the new literature included literary works from the late 19th century and early 20th century, such as the plays of shakespeare, the French novels of hugo, the English novels of Owen, and the English novels of dickens. The main difference between the new literature and the old literature was that the former paid more attention to the modern and innovative nature of literature, while the latter emphasized the historical and traditional value of literature. The new literature caused a wide range of social and cultural changes at that time, which had a profound impact on the development of literature and the evolution of literary history.

One example is in 'The Book Thief'. The young protagonist Liesel is taught to read by her foster father, an older man. His old - world knowledge and kindness combined with Liesel's young curiosity and determination create a story full of both old - fashioned values and new - found hope. It shows how the old can pass on important things to the young in a difficult time.

It was the modern era of China that advocated new literature and opposed old literature. In the early 20th century, Chinese literature experienced a period where traditional literature was the main literature and new literature was the secondary literature. However, Lu Xun believed that the unbalanced development between traditional literature and modern literature had led to the decline of Chinese literature. Therefore, he advocated new literature against old literature and tried to promote the development of Chinese literature by exploring new ideas, new artistic techniques and new characters.

The three main debates between the new literature and the old literature in the 1920s referred to the three literary debates in the field of Chinese literature in the 1920s, also known as the "debate between the new literature and the old literature". The first debate took place in 1924, when the writers Lu Xun and Hu Shi proposed the concept of "new literature" and "old literature" to distinguish between traditional literature and modern literature. Lu Xun believed that modern literature should get rid of the shackles of old literature and emphasize the personality and liberation of literature; Hu Shi believed that old literature was the representative of classical culture and needed to be inherited and developed. This debate promoted the exchange and reflection between new literature and traditional literature. The second debate happened in 1927, when Yu Dafu, Lin Yutang and others proposed the concept of "new trend of thought", believing that literature should pay attention to social reality and human problems, and oppose the lyricism and description of old literature. This debate promoted the exchange and reflection between the new trend of thought and the old literature. The third debate took place in 1929, when the writers Xu Zhimo, Shen Congwen and others proposed the concept of "new literature and art". They believed that literature should pursue the peak of art and aesthetics, and opposed the realism and symbolism of the old literature. This debate promoted the exchange and reflection between new literature and old literature. These debates promoted the exchange and reflection between the new literature and the traditional literature, and promoted the innovation and development of literature. However, these debates also led to some controversy and disagreement, making the development of literature uncertain.

The representative figures and works of modern Chinese literature that changed from old literature to new literature were: 1 Lu Xun (1881 - 1936): The founder of modern Chinese literature. His representative works include A Madman's Diary, The True Story of Ah Q, New Stories, etc. Lao She (1899 - 1966): Important representative works in the history of modern Chinese literature include Camel Xiangzi and Teahouse. 3. Ba Jin (1904 - 1971): Important representative works in the history of modern Chinese literature include "Home","Spring","Autumn" and so on. 4. Ding Ling (1908 - 1966): Important female representative works in the history of modern Chinese literature include Meng Ke and Sanli Bay. 5 Zhang Ailing (1914 - 1995): Important female representative works in the history of modern Chinese literature include Red Rose and White Rose, Aquilaria Fragrance, First Furnace of Incense, etc. 6 Shen Congwen (1924 - 1988): Important representative works in the history of modern Chinese literature include Border Town and Spring Silkworm. 7 Qian Zhongshu (1897 - 1974): Important representative works in the history of modern Chinese literature include Fortress Besieged and Cat City. These.

The so-called new period literature generally referred to the literature from the 1980s to the 1990s, also known as the new wave literature. The literary styles of this period were varied, including modernism, post-modernism, feminism, culturalism, realism, and so on. Among them, the most representative works included " The Golden Age,"" The Silver Age,"" The Bronze Age," etc.

The name of the first new poetry collection in modern Chinese literature was Liberation.

The new era literature appeared in the 1980s and early 1990s, reflecting the social, cultural, political, and economic changes and progress of this era. In the literature of the new era, the conflict between the old and the new concepts was an important theme. 1. The conflict between revolution and conservativeness: Many works in the new era literature reflect the rise of conservative forces and the revival of traditional values brought about by social changes. These works explored the contradiction between social conservativeness and liberalism, as well as the conflict between traditional morality and modern values. 2. The conflict between modern and traditional culture: In the literature of the new era, many works have discussed the contradiction between modern and traditional culture. These works discussed the decline of traditional culture and the cultural fracture brought about by civilization, as well as how to protect and carry forward traditional culture in the process of civilization. 3. The conflict between collectivism and collectivism: Many works in the literature of the new era have discussed the contradiction between collectivism and collectivism. These works explored the relationship between individual freedom and collective interests, as well as how to realize individual freedom in a collectivistic society. 4. The conflict between reality and fiction: Many works in the new era literature explored the contradiction between reality and fiction. These works explored the difference between how literature reflected reality and fiction, and how fiction reflected reality. The literature of the new era embodied the theme of the conflict between the old and the new, and through the discussion of these conflicts, it reflected the changes and progress of the society of this era.