The Scholars was a satirical novel written by Wu Jingzi, a novelist of the Qing Dynasty. It was known as the founder of Chinese satirical novels. The theme of the novel was the corruption and degeneration of the Confucian elites in the late Qing Dynasty. It described the absurd and funny behavior of a group of Confucian scholars and social elites in politics, morality, human nature and other aspects. It showed the hypocrisy and decay of Chinese traditional culture and expressed the author's criticism and doubt of Confucianism.
Satirical novels are a literary genre that is mainly featured by satire. By describing the bad phenomena in society or the weaknesses of human nature, it reveals the dark side of society and the nature of human nature, so that readers have a deeper understanding of society and human nature. There were many representative works of satirical novels, among which the more famous ones included "Madman's Diary","The True Story of Ah Q","Teahouse","The Complete Works of Lu Xun's Fictions" and so on. These works deeply reflected the social reality and people's living standards at that time by portraying the characters, exposing the weaknesses of human nature, and satirizing social phenomena. They became the classics of modern Chinese literature.
The founder of the stream-of-consciousness novel was William F. His work, Gone with the Wind, was considered a classic stream-of-consciousness novel. This novel contained a lot of subjective colors and emotional descriptions, and it attracted a wide range of readers with its unique narrative method.
The ancestor of the stream-of-consciousness novel was Emile Auge, whose representative work was The Sun Is Shining.
The founder of modern Chinese literature is an indispensable figure in the history of Chinese literature. His name is Lu Xun. His masterpieces were The Madman's Diary and The True Story of Ah Q. These two works, with profound thoughts and unique artistic expression, created a precedent for modern Chinese novels and had a far-reaching impact on the development of modern Chinese literature.
The Scholar's Unofficial History is a novel set in the officialdom of the late Ming Dynasty. Its satirical techniques are mainly expressed in the following aspects: 1. Satire of officialdom: The novel reveals the hypocrisy and darkness of officialdom through the description of various corrupt phenomena in officialdom, such as corruption, gifting, collusion, etc. It reflects the corrupt status quo of officialdom in the late Ming Dynasty. 2. Satire the psychology of officials: In the novel, some officials showed unhealthy psychology when facing various difficulties and setbacks, such as inferiority, fear, selfishness, etc. The psychological description of these officials deeply reflected the psychological state of some officials in the late Ming Dynasty. 3. Satire of human weakness: In the novel, some officials showed human weaknesses such as greed, selfishness, vanity, etc. when they faced various difficulties and setbacks, which also deeply reflected the weakness of human nature in the late Ming Dynasty. 4. Satire of social reality: The officialdom ecology and social reality described in the novel, such as the hierarchy system, power struggle, feudal ethics, etc., deeply reflected the social reality of the late Ming Dynasty. The scholars revealed the ecological and social reality of the officialdom at the end of the Ming Dynasty, as well as the psychological and human weaknesses of the officials.
The founder of French novels was Calvino. His representative works included One Hundred Years of Solitude and The Kite Runner.
The representative satirical story in the middle medieval citizen literature was Notre-Dame de Paris. This novel was written by Victor Hugo in 1831. It was set in 15th-century Paris and told a series of stories about the clock tower monster, the fire victims, the little girl who sold matches, and so on. It reflected the various ills of society and the distortion of human nature at that time. This novel was regarded as a classic in the history of French literature and had a profound influence on later literary creation.
The Scholars was a satirical novel that revealed the various drawbacks of feudal society through satirizing the culture of the scholars, officialdom politics, academic hypocrisy, and other perspectives. In the novel, the author criticized the hypocrisy and corruption of the Confucian culture by depicting various characters. For example, the protagonist Chen She was regarded as an alien in the Confucian scholars. He was born in poverty but dared to resist the feudal rule and exposed the dark side of the Confucian culture. The novel also exposed the hypocrisy and cruelty of officialdom and politics. For example, the protagonist Wu Yong used all kinds of means to get promoted and get rich, while the officials used corrupt means to obtain personal benefits. This hypocritical and corrupt phenomenon was also fully reflected in the Confucian culture. In addition, the novel also satirized academic hypocrisy. For example, some of the contents of the Confucian classics were tampered with and forged to meet the needs of the rulers. This academic hypocrisy also reflected the academic atmosphere of the feudal society. To sum up, The Scholars revealed the various drawbacks of feudal society through satirizing the culture of the scholars, officialdom politics, academic hypocrisy, and so on. It was one of the models of satirical literature.
Yes, The Scholars was one of Wu Jingzi's representative works, and it was also a novella. The novel, first published in 1899, tells the story of the rise and fall of a bureaucrat named Zhang Tingyu in the Confucian scholars at the end of the Ming Dynasty. The novel's concise language, vivid plot, and vivid characters were considered one of the foundational works of modern Chinese literature.
The Scholars was a famous satirical novel written in ancient China by the Ming Dynasty. The novel was set in the late Ming Dynasty, with political corruption, academic decadence, eunuch autocracy, and social unrest as the background. It revealed the various ills of feudal society and the ugliness of human nature by telling the stories of several different characters. The Scholars presented the social reality of the time in the form of a satirical comedy, mocking those who were hypocritical, hypocritical, corrupt, and power-hungry. There were many wonderful jokes and humorous descriptions in the novel that made people laugh. In addition, The Scholars also became a classic satirical novel in ancient China with its distinctive characters, vivid plots, and profound theme. Therefore, it could be said that The Scholars represented the peak of ancient Chinese satirical novels.