When writing a novel, the theme, material, and theme were all very important concepts. The theme refers to the core idea or theme that the novel wants to express. The spiritual core of the novel determines the direction and depth of the novel. The theme was usually an abstract concept that needed to be expressed through a specific storyline and character. Material referred to the various materials needed for a novel, including characters, scenes, plots, events, and so on. These materials were collected from various sources such as life, history, and culture. They could be used to construct the story plot and character image of the novel. The collection and arrangement of material required a lot of time and energy, but it was crucial for the creation of a novel. The theme refers to the specific theme or plot that the novel wants to express. It is the external form of the novel that determines the form of the novel. The subject matter could be specific events, characters, culture, history, etc. It could also be abstract topics, concepts, ideas, etc. The subject matter was the foundation of a novel's creation. It determined the audience and the direction of the novel's performance. The difference between a theme, material, and theme was: The theme is the core idea of the novel or the theme is the direction and depth of the novel. It determines the direction and expression of the novel. 2. Material is the various materials needed for the novel, including characters, scenes, plots, events, etc. It is the form of expression of the novel. The theme is the theme of the novel or the plot is the external form of the novel, which determines the form of expression and audience of the novel. Different topics, materials, and subjects would show different forms of expression and audiences, so they were very important for novel creation.