What were the three stages of the development of ancient Chinese novels? What were their characteristics?

The four stages of the development of ancient Chinese novels can be referred to the following examples: 1. Pre-Qin period (11th century B.C. -21st century B.C.): The novels of this period were mainly narrations such as Spring and Autumn Annals and Zuo Zhuan. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties (21st century B.C. -220A.D.): The novels of this period were mainly argumentative articles and Fu such as Records of the Historian and Han Shu. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589): The novels of this period were mainly strange stories and legendary novels such as Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc. 4. Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (589 - 1911): The novels of this period reached their peak, mainly based on narrative literature such as "Dream of the Red Chamber","Journey to the West","Water Margins","Romance of the Three Kingdoms", etc.

The development of ancient Chinese novels can be divided into the following stages: Pre-Qin period (11th century B.C. -221B.C.): The novels of this period were mainly myths, legends, and prose. For example, the Book of Songs and the Spring and Autumn Annals were the representative works of the pre-Qin period. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C. -220 A.D.): A large number of literary works appeared in novels during this period, such as Records of the Historian and Han Shu. These works were featured by concise descriptions of vivid characters and complex plots. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589): A large number of literary works appeared in this period, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margins, Dream of the Red Chamber, etc. These works were unique in their deep and dramatic character descriptions. 4. Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (618 - 1911): The development of novels in this period reached its peak, forming a batch of classic novels represented by the four famous novels. These works were featured by their deep character descriptions, dramatic plots, beautiful language, and literary value.

The formation and development of ancient Chinese military thought went through many stages. 1. The Warring States Period: The Warring States Period was the formation period of ancient Chinese military thoughts. Various schools of thought competed with each other to form their own unique military thoughts. For example, Sun Tzu's Art of War proposed the strategic idea of "defeating more with fewer forces", while Wu Tzu proposed the tactical ideas of "deception" and "virtual reality". 2. Qin and Han Dynasties: The Qin and Han Dynasties were an important stage in the development of ancient Chinese military thought. Han Xin, a famous general of the Han Dynasty, put forward the idea of "art of war", emphasizing the strategy and strategy in war. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the period of development of ancient Chinese military thought. For example, Cao Ren, a general in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, put forward the idea of "defense theory", emphasizing the importance of strengthening defense in war. 4. Tang Dynasty: The Tang Dynasty was the peak period of ancient Chinese military thought. Classic works such as "Seven essentials of military strategists" and "Thirteen articles of Sun Tzu" appeared. Tang Dynasty general Li Jing put forward the idea of "Eight Ways to Win", emphasizing the importance of using various tactics in war. The formation and development of ancient Chinese military thought had gone through many stages, and each stage had different characteristics and contributions. Among them, the thoughts of "advocating martial arts" and "war theory" in the Warring States Period laid the foundation for the development of ancient Chinese military thought; the thoughts of "war art" and "defense theory" in the Qin and Han Dynasties provided important guidance for the development of ancient Chinese military thought; the thoughts of "eight ways to win" and "seven essentials of military strategists" in the Tang Dynasty reached the peak of the development of ancient Chinese military thought.

The development of ancient Chinese music could be divided into three stages, each with different characteristics. The first stage was the music of the Yellow River basin from the 13th century to the 6th century. The musical works of this stage were mainly folk songs and operas, with relatively simple melodies and rhythms, using a large number of repetitions and changes, as well as singing various scenes and characters in life. The second stage was the music of the Yangtze River basin from the 6th century B.C. to the 5th century A.D. The music works of this stage were mainly palace music and literati music, with more complex melodies and rhythms, rich harmony and instrument performances. Musical works usually contain a large number of classical music elements such as tonality, melody, harmony, rhythm, and instrument performance techniques. The third stage was the music of the Jiangnan area from the 5th century to the 19th century. The music works in this stage were mainly folk music and literati music, which had the unique style and characteristics of Jiangnan area. Music works usually used folk music elements such as folk songs and dances and rap, as well as literary music elements such as classical music harmony and instrument performance techniques. The music works of this stage also integrated the musical elements of India, Persia, Arabia and other places to form a unique style of Chinese music.

The development of modern Chinese literature could be divided into three stages: The period of the New Culture Movement (1915-1923): This was an important period in the history of modern Chinese literature and the beginning of the New Culture Movement. The cultural movement of this period advocated anti-feudalism, anti-imperialism, anti-traditional ideas to promote the reform and transformation of modern Chinese literature. The representative ones were Lao She, Mao Dun, etc. The May Fourth Movement (1919-1924): The May Fourth Movement was an important event in modern Chinese history and a continuation of the New Culture Movement. The literature of this period showed strong patriotic feelings and national pride, such as Qian Zhongshu and Lao She. 30's literature (1924-1949): This was another important period in the history of modern Chinese literature and also the low point of modern Chinese literature. The literature of this period showed strong social criticism and national hatred, such as Ba Jin and Ding Ling.

The three stages of literary development generally referred to important periods and trends in the history of literature. The following are the three periods and their characteristics: 1. The period of traditional literature (from the end of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century): The literature of this period was mainly influenced by religion, philosophy, and realism, emphasizing rationality and naturalism. The subjects of literary works include personal life, moral and social issues. 2. Romanticism (late 19th century to early 20th century): This period of literature was influenced by romantic ideas and cultural traditions, emphasizing personal feelings, naturalism, and personality. The subjects of literature included love, nature, adventure, fantasy, and so on. 3. Modern literature period (second half of the 20th century): This period of literature was influenced by modernism, post-modernism, and cultural movements, emphasizing the complexity of culture, history, and social structure. The subjects of literary works include psychoanalysis, symbolism, cultural criticism, and so on. The interweaving of these three periods had a profound impact on the history of literature. At the same time, different cultural, social, and political backgrounds also affected the development of literature.

The formation and development of ancient Chinese military thought went through several stages. The following main stages can be referred to: 1. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 - 221 B.C.): This period was a critical period in the development of military thinking in Chinese history. Many military strategists and philosophers put forward their own military ideas and strategies during this period. The most famous were Sun Tzu (544 - 496 B.C.) and Wu Zi (504 - 460 B.C.). Their military ideology emphasized on defeating the strong with the weak and put forward many famous military tactics and strategies. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C. -220 A.D.): The military ideology of this period was mainly influenced by Taoism and Confucianism, and theories such as "Yin and Yang, Five Elements" and "Heaven and Man Unity" were proposed. At the same time, he also proposed military strategies such as "fake the army" and "wait for fatigue". 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589): The military ideology of this period was influenced by Buddhist ideology and proposed ideas such as "abdication system" and "Buddhist military". At the same time, he also proposed military strategies such as "stabilizing the country and governing the country" and "supporting the war with war". 4. Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (618 - 1911): The military ideology of this period underwent many changes and developments, mainly influenced by Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and militarists. The most famous were Yue Fei (1103 - 1142) and Xin Qiji (1140 - 1187). Their military ideology emphasized the power of the people and patriotism, and proposed many famous military strategies and tactics.

The stages of the development of ancient Chinese poetry were as follows: 1. Pre-Qin period (11th century B.C. -21st century B.C.): The Pre-Qin period was the foundation of the development of ancient Chinese poetry. The representative works of this period include the Book of Songs and the Songs of Chu. The Book of Songs was the earliest collection of poems in China. It collected 305 poems from the Pre-Qin period, mainly reflecting the social style and people's lives in the Pre-Qin period. "Chu Ci" was a poem written by Qu Yuan, a poet of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period. It represented the characteristics of the southern culture and had a strong romantic color. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties (21st century B.C. -220 A.D.): The Qin and Han Dynasties were the peak period of the development of ancient Chinese poetry. The representative works of this period included "Nineteen Ancient Poems" and "Glory of the King". "Nineteen Ancient Poems" was a collection of poems created by the Han Dynasty poet Zhang Ji. It was known for its fresh, natural, lyrical, and graceful style and was hailed as a "classic work in the history of poetry." King of Glory was a competitive game developed by Tengxun Games, which included a large number of elements from ancient Chinese poetry such as Song of Everlasting Sorrow and Li Sao. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589): The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were the low point of the development of ancient Chinese poetry. The representative works of this period were "Dream of the Red Chamber" and "Water Margins". 'Dream of the Red Chamber' was a Qing Dynasty story depicting the love story of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, and others, showing the customs of ancient society. The Water Margins was a Ming Dynasty story about Song Jiang, Lin Chong, and the other people's righteous acts, reflecting the class struggle in ancient society. 4. Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing (589 - 1911): The Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing periods were the perfect periods for the development of ancient Chinese poetry. The representative works of this period included Journey to the West, Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc. Journey to the West was a fantasy story of Tang Sanzang and his disciples in the Ming Dynasty. Water Margins was a Yuan Dynasty story about Song Jiang, Lin Chong, and the other people's uprising, which reflected the class struggle in ancient society. Romance of the Three Kingdoms was a Yuan Dynasty story that used the history of the Three Kingdoms period as the background to show the political struggles and characters of the Three Kingdoms period.

The development stages and characteristics of ancient Chinese cultural history are as follows: 1 Xia, Shang and Zhou (about 2070 - 256 B.C.): This was an important period in the history of ancient Chinese culture and the source of Chinese myths and legends. The cultural characteristics of this period were the use of bronze and the establishment of the ritual and music system, which marked the beginning of Chinese civilization. 2. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (about 770 - 221 B.C.): This was a period of change in the history of ancient Chinese culture and an important period of Chinese ideology and culture. The cultural characteristics of this period were the emergence of Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalism and other schools of thought, as well as the rise of ideology such as patriotism and collectivistic. 3. Qin and Han Dynasties (about 221 B.C. to 220 A.D.): This was an important period in the history of ancient Chinese culture and the beginning of China's feudal dynasty. The cultural characteristics of this period were the establishment of a unified country and the establishment of Confucianism as the official ideology. 4. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589 AD): This was an important period in the history of ancient Chinese culture and also a prosperous period of Chinese culture and art. The cultural characteristics of this period were the development of various fields such as metaphysics, literature, and art, as well as the rise of Buddhism and Taoism. 5 Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (581 - 1911): This was an important period in the history of ancient Chinese culture and the peak of Chinese culture and art. The cultural characteristics of this period were the prosperity of literature and art. The development and innovation of literary forms such as poetry, prose, novels, and dramas, as well as the development of religious cultures such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.

The four stages of the development of ancient Chinese novels can be referred to the following answers: 1. The Hundred Schools of Thought's novels: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the thoughts and academic opinions of the Hundred Schools of Thought influenced the development of novels. The novels of this period were mainly argumentative essays and essays such as The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, etc. 2. Taoist, Confucian, and Mohist novels: During the Qin and Han Dynasties, novels from Taoist, Confucian, and Mohist schools also began to appear. Such as "Records of the Historian,""Han Shu" and so on. 3. Mythological novels: During the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, novels based on mythological stories appeared, such as Classic of Mountains and Seas and Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. 4. Narrated novels: After the Tang Dynasty, narrative novels gradually developed, such as the Song of Everlasting Sorrow, Song of the Pipa, etc. In the Song Dynasty, Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc. Each of these novels had its own characteristics, reflecting the social style and people's lives in different cultures and historical periods.