The basic features and main techniques of the novel were as follows: The basic characteristics of the novel: 1. Fictional: A novel must have a fictional plot and character image. The difference between the novel and reality is that the characters, places, events, history, culture, and everything else in the novel are not real. 2. Imagination: Through the fictional characters and plots, the novel allows the reader to imagine and associate with the fictional world constructed by the author. 3. Shaping the characters: The characters in the novel are the core of the novel. Through the characters 'personality, behavior, thoughts, and other characteristics, the theme and plot of the novel are presented. 4. The theme of the novel: Through the fictional characters and plots, the author can express the theme and meaning that the author wants to express. Main techniques: 1. Narration: Through the description of the characters and plot, the development of the story and the character's personality are shown. 2. Description: Through the description of characters, environment, and events, the theme and emotions of the novel are expressed. 3. Discussion: Through the fiction of characters and plots, explore the theme and meaning that the author wants to express. 4. Lyricism: express the author's emotions and theme through the description of characters and plots. A novel is a fictional literary form that uses the fictional elements of characters, plots, and environments to explore human nature, society, history, culture, and other topics. There were many ways of expressing a novel. Among them, narration, description, discussion, and lyricism were commonly used.