Explanation of Ming and Qing Literature Terminology

The Song Dynasty literature referred to an important period in the history of Chinese literature, from 1047 to 1127. During this period, many great works appeared in Chinese literature, such as Su Shi, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, Lu You and other literary works. The characteristics of Song Dynasty literature included: 1. Pay attention to realism: The literature of the Song Dynasty pays attention to realism, describing the true face of the society at that time, reflecting the living conditions and psychological state of the people. 2. The emphasis on personality: The Song Dynasty literature emphasized on personality. The writers showed their own personality and talent with their own unique style and characteristics. 3. A wide range of hobbies: The Song Dynasty had a wide range of literary hobbies. The writers not only wrote poetry but also prose, novels, dramas and other forms of literary works. 4. Pay attention to rhetoric: The Song Dynasty literature paid attention to rhetoric. The writers were good at using rhetoric to enhance the artistry and expressiveness of their works. 5. Profound influence: The achievements of the Song Dynasty literature had a profound influence on the literature of later generations. It was an important period in the history of Chinese literature.

The Tang and Song Dynasties were two important periods in the development of ancient Chinese literature, namely the Tang and Song Dynasties (9th to 12th century). The Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) was the first peak of ancient Chinese literature. Poetry, prose, novels and other literary works flourished. Poets of the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi, were known for their bold, unrestrained, vigorous, and solemn poetry styles. Their works reflected the political, economic, and cultural conditions of the society at that time. Tang Dynasty essayists such as Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were famous for their profound thoughts, concise writing style and emphasis on morality. Their works had a profound impact on the development of ancient Chinese prose. Novelists of the Tang Dynasty, such as Wu Chengen, Shi Naian, and Luo Guanzhong, were famous for their novels depicting historical events, characters, and social life. The Song Dynasty (960 - 1279) was the second peak of ancient Chinese literature. Poetry, prose, novels, and other literary works continued to flourish. Poets of the Song Dynasty, such as Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao, etc., were known for their graceful, bold, fresh, and subtle poetry styles. Their works reflected the political, economic, and cultural conditions of the society at that time. The prose writers of the Song Dynasty, such as Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi, were famous for their profound thoughts, beautiful writing style and emphasis on theory. Their works had a profound influence on the development of ancient Chinese prose. Song novelists such as Lu You, Yang Wanli, and Qin Guan were famous for their novels about nature, life, and society.

Modern and contemporary Chinese literature refers to literature from the early 20th century to the present, covering many periods and schools from traditional literature to modern literature and contemporary literature. In modern Chinese literature, the literary style and theme had undergone many changes and transformations. The early modern literature works such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Lao She, etc. used realism and criticism as the theme to express a strong resistance against the old society and culture. From the 1950s to the 1970s, literature began to turn to expressionism and modernism, such as Ding Ling, Lu Xun, Yang Jiang, Qian Zhongshu, etc. They expressed their deep thinking and exploration of human nature, society and history with their unique literary style and profound thoughts. In contemporary literature, the theme and style of literary works were more diverse, including novels, essays, poems, plays, and many other literary types. The representatives were Yu Hua, Jia Pingao, Liu Zhenyun, Ernest, Margaret Atwood, and others. Modern and contemporary Chinese literature not only reflected China's history, politics, and social reality, but also demonstrated the wisdom, ideology, and cultural pursuit of the Chinese people.

The ancient prose movement refers to a literary school in the history of Chinese literature that originated in the early 20th century. The main characteristic of this school was to emphasize the original flavor of ancient prose and oppose the invasion of western learning. It advocated the restoration of traditional culture and advocated writing in ancient prose to reflect the unique charm of traditional culture. The representatives of this school, Mao Dun, Lao She, etc.

The " July School " was a school of modern Chinese literature. It got its name from the main representatives of the 1970s, such as Yu Hua, Su Tong, Bi Feiyu, etc. This school was featured by its emphasis on "internal contradictions" and "symbolism", which advocated using literature to express the internal contradictions in social change and the symbolic experience of people's hearts. The representative works of this school were " July and Peace,"" Alive,"" Spring Silkworm," and so on.

The "July School" was a school of modern Chinese literature established in the early 1980s. Its main representatives were Su Tong, Jia Pingao, and others. This genre was featured by its emphasis on social criticism and human nature, its emphasis on plots and character creation, and its deep reflection on social reality. The "July School" literature style is concise and bright, the language is simple and natural, paying attention to the plot's compact and tension. It is good at depicting the inner world and emotional changes of the characters through novels, with strong realism and profound ideology. In contemporary Chinese literature, the "July School" literary school has a very far-reaching influence and is considered an important force in modern Chinese literature.

Chinese contemporary literature refers to the literary phenomenon that occurred in the mainland of China, which can be traced back to the late 1980s. During this period, many new literary schools and ideologies appeared in the literary world. At the same time, it also experienced many political, social and economic changes. The following are some common Chinese contemporary literary terms: Scar literature refers to the literary phenomenon that occurred in the mainland of China from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. This literary school emphasized the criticism and reflection of the social and political reality of the time. The representative works included Scar and The True Story of Ah Q. Modern literature refers to the literary phenomenon that occurred in the mainland of China from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. This school of literature emphasized the pursuit and exploration of the modern. The representative works included Alive, Water Margins, etc. 3. Modern literature refers to the literary phenomenon that has occurred in the mainland of China since the late 1990s. This school of literature emphasized the reflection and criticism of contemporary social reality, and its representative works included "One Hundred Years of Solitude" and "Ordinary World". 4. Literature schools: refers to some literary phenomena in the mainland of China, such as realism, realism, post-realism, etc. The formation and evolution of these literary schools were closely related to the social and political environment and cultural background at that time. 5. Literature criticism: It refers to the criticism of literary works. The main purpose of literary criticism is to reveal the meaning and extension of literary works and promote the development and progress of literature. 6. Literature market: It refers to a market mechanism for the sale and circulation of literary works. The existence of this mechanism made literary works better understood and accepted by readers, and also provided more economic support for literary creation. 7. Literature Creation: The main purpose of literary creation was to express and contribute to society and the people. 8. Literature works: refers to novels, poems, essays, etc.

Chinese contemporary literature refers to the literary works developed and circulated in the mainland of China. The time span is about 1949 - 2019. During this period, Chinese literature experienced tremendous changes and development, and many outstanding scholars emerged. The following are some common Chinese contemporary literary terms: 1. Chinese contemporary literature: refers to the literary works circulating in the mainland of China, including novels, essays, poems, essays, etc. 2. Chinese contemporary novels: refers to novels set in China, usually including novels, novellas, and short stories. 3. Chinese contemporary prose: refers to prose with China as the background, usually including prose, essays, and essays. 4. Chinese contemporary poetry: refers to poetry with a Chinese background, usually including short poems, quatrains, and regular poems. 5. Chinese contemporary literature schools: refers to the different writing schools and styles in Chinese contemporary literature, such as realism, realism, post-realism, etc. 6. Chinese contemporary literature awards: refers to various Chinese contemporary literature awards such as Lu Xun Literature Award, Mao Dun Literature Award, Lao She Literature Award, etc. The current situation of Chinese contemporary literature refers to the current development of Chinese contemporary literature, including the prosperity and decline of literature, the relationship between literature and society, etc. 8. The relationship between Chinese contemporary literature and foreign literature: refers to the exchange and influence between Chinese contemporary literature and foreign literature, such as translation and comparison literature. These are some common terms in contemporary Chinese literature, and of course, there are many other terms and concepts that represent different aspects and characteristics of contemporary Chinese literature.

The Baiyangdian Poetry Group is a literary school in the history of modern Chinese poetry. It originated from the end of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1960s and was mainly active in the Baiyangdian area of Hebei Province. The poetry style of this literary school was fresh and natural, simple and pure, emphasizing the feeling and taste of nature, showing love and respect for folk life and primitive cultural traditions. Baiyangdian poetry group is an important school in the history of Chinese poetry, which has a profound influence on the development of modern Chinese poetry.

The terminologies in the novel Station are explained as follows: 1 Station: The story of the protagonist of the novel "Station" in a station. A station was the main transportation hub of a city or town. It was usually a public place with a large flow of people. 2. Station ticket: A service to buy tickets at the station ticket office. Usually, you need to book it in advance. Train: A means of transportation used to transport passengers from one location to another, usually by rail or road. Farewell: The scene of waiting for a bus at the station is a common plot in the novel Station. Farewell represented the separation of people from their relatives and friends, as well as the impermanence and unpredictability of life. 5. Despair: The characters in the station experience a series of desperate emotions, including losing their loved ones, not being able to find a ticket home, the station being hacked, and so on. 6. Human nature: The various human characteristics of the characters in the station, such as greed, selfishness, regret, loneliness, etc. These characteristics of human nature were also the embodiment of the theme of the novel Station.